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1、2021 年考研英语（二）真题原文及答案解析Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Its not difficult to set targets for staff . It is much harder, 1 ,to understand their negative consequences. Most wor
2、k-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and youll 3 see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course ! Are there inspectors t
3、o 4 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are 5 . How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.Why? Because the target is 6 . People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7 , the number of buses and bus lanes were incr
4、eased, and drivers were 8 or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they 9 hit cyclists. If the target was changed to 10 , you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more 11 drivers who obeyed tra
5、ffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.There is another 12 : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not!Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant
6、 to take. A one-hour fight is now ballad as a two-hour flight.The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others. Everything Can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a 17 . Setting targets can and does have
7、unforeseen negative9consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to 19 just one or even
8、 two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 the objective.1. A thereforeB howeverC againD moreover2 .A EmphasizesB IdentifyC AssesD Explain3. A nearlyB curiouslyC eagerlyD quickly4. A claimB proveC checkD recall5. A threatenedB ignoredC mockedD blamed6. A pu
9、nctualityB hospitalityC competitionD innovation7. A YesB SoC BesidesD Still8. A hiredB trainedC rewardedD grouped9. A onlyB ratherC onceD also10. A comfortBrevenueC efficiencyD security11. A friendlyB quietC cautiousD diligent12. A purposeB problemC prejudiceD policy13. A reportedB revealedC admitte
10、dD noticed14. A breakB tripC departureD transfer15. A moralB backgroundC styleD form16. A interpretB criticizeC sacrificeD tolerate17. A taskBsecretC productD cast18. A leading toB calling forC relating toD accounting for19. A specifyB predictC restoreD create20. A modifyBreviewC presentDachieve参考答案
11、：1.B however 2.A Emphasize3. D quickly4. C check5. B ignored6. A punctuality7. BSo8. C rewarded9. D also 10.B revenue 11.C cautious 12.B problem 13.D noticed14. B trip15.B background 16.C sacrifice 17.D cost18. C relating to 19.Aspecify20. D achieveSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:R
12、ead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not ge
13、t left behind.We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain Research by the WEF detailed in the Harvard Business Review, finds that on average 42 percent of the “core skills within job roles will change by 2022. Tha
14、t is a very short timeline, so we can only imagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are. That does not always happen. AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company who decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy. Other companies had also pledged to create thei
