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1、优质文档_高三英语语法复习专题7（最新版）-Word文档，下载后可任意编辑和处理-高三英语语法复习专题（7）Unit7 动词时态和语态%一、考点聚焦1、动词时态考查要点简述（1）一般现在时考点分析表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）The geographyteacher told us the earth _ around the sun.Water boilsat 100oC.表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。Ice feelscold.We alwayscare for each other and help
2、each other.表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：I know whatyou mean.Smith owns acar and a house.All thestudents here belong to No.1 Middle School.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。Ifyou _ a
3、ccept my invitation and come to our party, my family will bepleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。The shopcloses at 11:00 p.m. every day.Tomorrow isWednesday.（2）一般过
4、去时的考点分析（考核重点）。一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：I met her inthe street yesterday.I once sawthe famous star here.They neverdrank wine.I thought thefilm would be interesting,but it isnt.如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：He told me he
5、_ an interesting novel _. 表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。The momentshe came in, she told me what had happened to her.He bought awatch but lost it.常用一般过去时的句型：Why didntyou / I think of that?I didntnotice it.I forgot totell you I had been
6、there with my brother before.I didntrecognize him.（3）一般将来时考点分析。表示未来的动作或状态常用will /shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well diewithout air or water.表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要
7、做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：If it isfine, well go fishing.(正确)If it isfine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。A meeting isto be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.be about todo
8、sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumnharvest is about to start.（4）现在进行时考点分析。表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：It is rainingnow.He isteaching English and learning Chinese.I am meetingMr. Wang tonight.We areleaving on Friday.At six I ambathing the baby.(I start bathin
9、g the bady before six.)The girl isalways talking loud in public.(与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree,mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear,exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, ac
10、cept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell,sound, taste, look。（5）过去完成时考点分析（考核重点）。常用过去完成时的几种情况：（A）在by、by the end、by thetime、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end oflast year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reachedthe st
11、ation. (B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped /planned / meant / intended/though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done。（C）“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. XiaoHua left school 3 y
12、ears ago.（D）表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：We had nosooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated thanthe bus started.在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。After he(had)left the room, the boss came in.We arrivedhom
13、e before it snowed.（6）过去将来时考点分析。参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to dosth.表过去将来。（7）过去进行时考点分析。过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。（8）现在完成时考点分析。现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连
14、用：during / in/over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recentyears等。下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (hasbeen) + 一段时间 + since从句This(That /It)is the first(second)time that + 完成时This(That /It)is the only + that + 完成时This(that /It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 + 完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来
15、时。如：I shall postthe letter as soon as I have written it.If you havedone the experiment, you will realize the theory better.Dont get offthe bus until it has stopped.（9）注意几组时态的区别：一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、justnow、the other day等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”
