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1、 2019年考研英语一真题及答案解析（完整版）Section I Use of English Directions:- Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart
2、 phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 cant find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land
3、 When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow a
4、ny H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people. If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sightsyou may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings. Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in dense for
5、est, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution. 18 , assum
6、ing youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization. 1. A Some B Most C Few D All 2. A put B take C run D come 3. A Since B If C Though D Until 4. A formally B relatively C gradually D
7、literally 5. A back B next C around D away 6. A onto B off C across D alone 7. A unattractive B uncrowded C unchanged D unfamiliar 8. A site B point C way D place 9. A So B Yet C Instead D Besides 10.A immediately B intentionally C unexpectedly D eventually 11.A surprised B annoyed C frightened D co
8、nfused 12.A problem Boption C view D result 13.A Above all B In contrast C On average D For example 14.A bridge B avoid C spot D separate 15.A form B through Cbeyond D under 16.A posts B links C shades D breaks 17.A artificial Bmysterious C hidden D limited 18.A Finally B Consequently C incidentally
9、 D Generally 19.Amemories B marks C notes D belongings 20.A restrict B adopt C lead D expose Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 Fin
10、ancial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accounta
11、ble for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations. “Short-termism” or the desire for quick p
12、rofits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of Englands top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a gaint of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather
13、than putting them aside to be eaten last. The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firms efforts to invest
14、in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism” In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. There seems to be a predominance o
15、f short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week. In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short -termism .” In its latest survey of CEO pay ,The Wall Street Journal finds thant “a substantial part ” of executive pay is now tied to performance . Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism，” such as c
