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1、2009 年高考英语考点汇集非谓语动词分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容和副词的句法功能。它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词则只有一般式。现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动。过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动。分词使用中的几个问题1、现在分词的完成式(不做限制性定语从句的定语，通常用于放句首的句子)Having cleaned the room, I went out.2、现在分词的否定式（特别注意含否定式，无助所有格等的现在分词）Not having received any lette
2、r, he felt a little worried.His not attending my class makes me a little angry.3、现在分词与过去分词的不同现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成I found the man killed there.I found the man standing there.4、have 结构We have the car repaired.We have repaired the car.We have Tom repair the car.We have Tom repairing the car the whol
3、e morning.5、分词作表语We were excited at the news.The football game is exciting.6、独立主格结构It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.II 例题例 1、Time_， Ill go on a picnic with you.A. permit B. to permit C. permitted D. permitting解析：该题答案为 D。 Time permitting是独立主格结构，意为如果时间允许的话例 2、_ if he had any bad habi
4、t, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking解析：该题答案为 C。主语 she 是被问。情态动词与助动词 I 要点助动词本身无意义，在句中帮助主要动词构成一定的时态，语态、语气，或是帮助构成否定句和疑问句，常用的助动词有be, do, have, shall(should), will(would).情态动词表一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度，它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语，主要的情态动词有 can(could), may (might), must, ha
5、ve to, ought to, need, dare, shall, should, will, would.1、 can 能，可以，表说话人同意，许可还可表客观条件许可，还有 can 表可能性是近几年的考点。如:You can go now. Can it be true?提建议或请求时可用 can I, can you 表客气，如 Can I buy you a drink?can 和 be able to 表能力时的区别。can 表一般具有的能力，be able to 表在特定条件下的能力，如:Although the driver was badly hurt, he was abl
6、e to explain what had happened.2、may（1）可以，表说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。You may go.（2） （现在和将来）可能，也许，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如 He may not be right.3、must, have tomust 表主观上的必须，have to 表客观上的必须，如:Its getting late. I have to go. -Must I go now. -Yes, you must.(No, you neednt./ No, you dont have to.)4、need, dare 这二词有实意动词和情态动词两种词性
7、，如用作实意动词后接动词不定式 to do，如用作情态动词后接动词原形。Need I go now? -Yes, you must./No, you neednt.)5、shall 用于第一 ,三人称疑问句中表说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求，如，Shall we begin our lesson?用于二人称陈述句，表说话人命令、警告、允诺、威胁等口吻，如: You shall fail if you dont work harder.6、should 表应该，意为有责任，有义务，居然，竟然。如:We should try our best to make our country more b
8、eautiful.As a gentle man, I cant imagine he should be so rude to the young lady.7、will 表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，习惯性动作。如 Will you lend me your book? Yes, I will.He will sit beside the window reading newspapers for hours.8、should have done 表应该做而未做must have done 表对过去事实的肯定推测could have done 表本可以做某事9、判断句：肯定句用 mu
9、st, 否定句用 cant, 不太肯定用 may, mightHe must be in the office now.He must have gone to bed, for the light is out.He cant be in the office. He is at home.He couldnt have cleaned the classroom, because he didnt come here today.He might be in the office, I am not sure.He might have cleaned the room, I suppos
10、e.句子种类I 要点句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句；按结构又分为简单句、并列句和复合句。1、陈述句的否定（1） 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词是 think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy, imagine 等，且主句主语是第一人称时，宾语从句谓语的否定习惯上要移到主句谓语上，如: I dont think he is right.（2） 含有否定意义的副词 never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely 的句子应视为否定句，如: I have never bee
11、n there before.2、反意疑问句（1） need 和 dare 既可作情态动词，又可作实意动词，在反问部分须加以区别，如 We neednt leave, need we? We dont need to leave, do we?（2） 陈述部分出现否定意义的副词或代词如 never, seldom, few, hardly, little 等时，反问部分须用肯定形式如： He seldom comes, does he?（3） 陈述部分用不定代词作主语时，反问部分的主语用 it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it?陈述部分用 everybody, ev
12、eryone, somebody, someone，等作主语时，反问部分常用 it，有时也用 they，如:Everybody knows that, dont they?（4） 陈述部分包括 used to 时，反问部分可有两种形式，如: You used to get up early, usednt (didnt) you?（5） 陈述部分是there + be结构时，反问部分用 there，如:Theres something wrong with you, isnt there?（6） 陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，反问部分的主语和谓语应和主句保持一致，如: He never
13、 told others what he thought, did he?但，如果是 I think , I believe 等 +宾语从句时，反问部分须和从句的动词保持一致，如，I dont think he is right, is he? I dont believe he does that, does he?3、感叹句用 what 或 how, What a beautiful park it is. How beautiful a park it is. How beautiful the park is. How we worked!4、祈使句Take care! Dont st
14、and there. Please open the door for the old lady.II例题例 1，Dont forget to post the letter, _ ?A. will you B. do you C. wont you D. shall you解析：该题答案为 A， 在否定句、祈使句后只用will you?，但肯定的祈使句后可用如，Wait for me, will (wont, can, cant, could) you?例 2，Lets go out for a walk, _ ?A. will you B. wont you C. shall we D.
15、do we 解析：该题答案为 C，lets后加上 shall we 来表语气婉转、客气，而在 let us 后加上 will you。例 3，He hardly writes to you, _ ?A. doesnt he B. does he C. do they D. has he解析：该题答案为 B，hardly 否定副词，反问部分要用肯定形式。各种从句I要点根据从句在句中的句法功能，从句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。1、 名词性从句（1） 主语从句What he wants is a piece of paper.It is believed that he can solve
16、 the problem.注：主语从句的谓语动词用单数。（2）宾语从句I dont know how to solve the problem.Do you know where he lives?（3）表语从句The problem is who can help me.This is why I came here.（4）同位语从句I have no idea where he went.I heard the news that he would come.同位语从句用 that 引导，常跟在 fact, idea, news, promise, thought, message, hope, belief, doubt 等词后，that在从句中不作任何成分。2、定语从句在复合句中，修饰某
