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1、Unit 3 Under the sea,Learning about Language,Some of the words in this unit can be used as both verbs and nouns. Look at these definitions and find the words in the text. Then write down how they have been used.,dive,1,witness,1,pause,2,urge,2,drag,2,2 Read these sentences. Then replace the words in
2、 italics with words that mean the same from the unit.,1. Some personal stories about Mark Twain are very amusing. 2. Working together is necessary to produce good results.,anecdotes,teamwork,3. More and more people are concerned with the protection of different whale species. 4. Sit facing the stree
3、t and watch the parade go by. 5. When you hit an iceberg, leave the ship immediately.,conservation,opposite,abandon,depth, dive, yell, annual, shark, accommodation, witness, relationship, flee, shore,3 Use these words in their proper forms to complete the passage below.,When I was young, my parents
4、liked jogging on the beach. So we used to visit the seaside on our _ holiday. We always stayed in _ close to the _ because my parents had a good _ with the owner of the hotel. We also went snorkelling each time and would _ under the waves to see the colourful fish. As I grew older I was allowed to g
5、o to greater _ and further out beyond the bay.,annual,accommodation,shore,relationship,dive,depths,There I saw small _ as they swam lazily around the sea bottom. One day I _ how they would pursue their prey swiftly, and the small fish had no time to _ away. I wanted to _ and warn the poor fish but t
6、hat was impossible underwater. Thank God it was; otherwise, I might have been swallowed instead!,sharks,yell,witnessed,flee,Grammar,The Passive ing-form (V-ing 形式的被动式),V-ing形式的各种时态和语态:,时态,一般式,完成式,主动语态,被动语态,doing,having done,being done,having been done,1. 动名词的被动式：,动名词的被动式有两种: being + 过去分词； having bee
7、n + 过去分词。例如： a) 每个人都喜欢得到赞美。 Everybody likes _. b) 我记得曾经听过这故事。 I remember _ the story. 2) 在need/want/require(需要)和 be worth (值得) 等词后面, 动名词的主动形式表示被动 意义。例如：a) 这件事需要调查。 The matter requires _. = The matter requires to be looked into.,being praised,having been told,looking into,b) 这本书值得一读。 The book _. = Th
8、e book is worthy of being read. 2. 现在分词的被动式 现在分词的被动式也有两种: being + 过去分词 (强调事情正在发生)； having + been + 过去分词 (强调事情已经 发生, 不作定语)。例如： a) 她正接受提问, 感到有点儿紧张。 _to answer the question, she felt a little nervous.,is worth reading,Being asked,b) 这么好的机会给了你, 你怎么能一点也不珍惜 呢？ _ such a good chance, how could you not value
9、 it at all? 2) 作定语时, “being +过去分词”表示正在 进行的动作; done表示一般过去或已经完成 的动作; to be done表示将要发生的动作。如： a) 正在建造的房屋, 完工后将用作我们的图书馆。 The house _ will be our library upon its completion.,Having been given,being built,b) 所使用的教材都是时新的。 The textbooks _ are all up-to-date. c) 你打算参加下月召开的会议吗？ Are you going to attend the mee
10、ting _ next month?,used,to be held,I am thinking of getting a new dictionary. I approved of his taking part in the project. I enjoy listening to classical music.,(一般情况),(以后、将来),(现在、将来),V-ing表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或在其后 发生, 或表示一般情况.,being done表示的被动动作正在进行或与谓语动词 的动作同时(有时之后)发生, 或表示一般情况。,现在修建的发电站将是埃及最大的发电站之一。,The
11、 power station being built now will be one of the largest in Egypt.,她坚持被派给最苦的工作.,She insisted on being given the hardest task.,They regret not having been able to inform you of the fact.,(之前),Having done 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动 作之前。,Having been done表示的被动动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。,被邀请后, 李先生去参加了会议。,Having been invite
12、d, Mr Li went to attend the meeting.,I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago.,V-ing的被动式在句中可以作:,主语 Being laughed at in public is a terrible experience. 被鲨鱼咬死是一件很普通的事情。 Being killed by sharks was a common thing.,我很感激两年前被给予了去国外学习的机会。,_ to sunlight for too much time will
13、do harm to ones skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed,2)宾语 I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.,C,你还记得十岁时被带去北京吗? Do you remember having been taken to Beijing at the age of ten?,The little girl was eventually aware that her parents abandoned her
14、in the mountainous village.,The little girl was eventually aware of being abandoned by her parents in the mountainous village.,若不被邀请，他是不会来的。 (without) He wouldnt come without being invited. 下面短语中的 to 是介词, 后面只能跟名词或 V-ing：devote to (投入), get down to (着手干)， lead to (通向,导致), object to (反对), pay attentio
15、n to (注意), look forward to (盼望), be used to (习惯于)，stick to (坚持), preferto 等。,No one can prevent the plan _. A. from carrying out B. to be carried out C. being carried out D. to carry out,The bird was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. being caught C. to be caught D. to catch,C,B,admit (承认), appreciate, avoid, cant help (禁不住)， stand(忍受), consider (考虑,打算), enjoy, escape (躲避), excuse, finish, give up, imagine, insist on, mind, miss (错过), practise, put off, risk, set about, suggest (建议)等后接v-ing。,He has always insisted on his _ Dr. Tuner instead of
