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1、Time Management,Randy Pausch Carnegie Mellon University,August 15th, 2007: “3 to 6 months”,Today is 3 months and 12 days.,History folks here?,Goals Avoid wasting time Bosses it leads to thrashing. Keep desk clear: focus on one thing at a time Touch each piece of paper once Touch each piece of email
2、once; your inbox is not your TODO list,A good file system is essential,My Desk,Speaker phone lowers stress,Telephone,Keep calls short; stand during call Start by announcing goals for the call Dont put your feet up Have something in view to do next,Telephone,Get done: “I have students waiting” How to
3、 hang up on telemarketers Group calls: 11:30am and 4:30pm,My “phone hour” every day,Office Logistics,Make your office comfortable for you, and optionally comfortable for others No soft comfortable chairs! I have folding chairs, some people cut off front legs,Scheduling Yourself,You dont find time fo
4、r important things, you make it Everything you do is an opportunity cost Learn to say “No”,Gentle Nos,“Ill do it if nobody else steps forward” or “Ill be your deep fall back,” but you have to keep searching. Moving parties in grad school,Everyone has Good and Bad Times,Find your creative/thinking ti
5、me. Defend it ruthlessly, spend it alone, maybe at home. Find your dead time. Schedule meetings, phone calls, and mundane stuff during it.,Interruptions,6-9 minutes, 4-5 minute recovery five interruptions shoots an hour You must reduce frequency and length of interruptions (turn phone calls into ema
6、il) E-mail “ding” on new mail is aninterruption - TURN IT OFF!,Blurting: save-ups,Cutting Things Short,“Im in the middle of something now” Start with “I only have 5 minutes” you can always extend this Stand up, stroll to the door, complement, thank, shake hands Clock-watching; on wall behind them,Ti
7、me Journals,Its amazing what you learn! Monitor yourself in 15 minute increments for between 3 days and two weeks. Update every hour: not at end of day,Fred Brooks Time Clocks,Using Time Journal Data,What doesnt need to be done? What can someone else do? What can I do more efficiently? How am I wast
8、ing other peoples time?,Work-Life Balance,Coming to Charlottesville,Procrastination,“Procrastination is thethief of time” Edward Young Night Thoughts, 1742,Balancing Act,“Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion” Parkinsons Law Cyril Parkinson, 1957,Avoiding Procrastination,D
9、oing things at the last minute is much more expensive than just before the last minute Deadlines are really important: establish them yourself!,Comfort Zones,Identify why you arent enthusiastic Fear of embarrassment Fear of failure Sometimes all you have to do is ask!,Delegation,No one is an island
10、You can accomplish a lot more with help,Delegation is not dumping,Grant authority with responsibility. To the worst job yourself Treat your people well Staff and secretaries are your lifeline; they should be treated well!,Specific thing to do Specific date/time Specific penalty Or reward for THEM,Al
11、f Weaver Taught Me,Challenge People,People rise to the challenge: Delegate “until they complain” Communication Must Be Clear: “Get it in writing” Judge Wapner Give objectives, not procedures Tell the relative importance of each task,Never too Early to Delegate,Sociology,Beware upward delegation! Rei
12、nforce behavior you want repeated Ignorance is your friend I do not know how to run the photocopier or the fax machine,Meetings,Average executive: 40% of time Lock the door, unplug the phone Maximum of 1 hour Prepare: there must be an agenda 1 minute minutes: an efficient way to keep track of decisi
13、ons made in a meeting: who is responsible for what by when?,Technology,Janitors comment Only use technology thats worth it,Video of office worker was here,Change the way youre doing things,Randys Magic E-Mail Tips,Save all of it, for searching If you want something done, only one recipient. If you r
14、eally want something done, CC someone powerful. Nagging is okay after 48 hours,Care and Feeding of Bosses,Write things down Whens our next meeting? Whats my goal to have done by then? Who to turn to for help? Remember: bosses want results !,Time Management Advice,General Advice: Vacations,Phone call
15、ers should get two options: If urgent, contact John Smith at 555-1212 Otherwise please call back June 1 Its not a vacation if youre reading email.,Important Advice,Kill your television 28 hours/week Turn money into time especially important for people with kids Eat and sleep and exercise. Above all
16、else!,General Advice,Never break a promise, but re-negotiate them if need be. If you havent got time to do it right, you dont have time to do it wrong. Recognize that most things are pass/fail. Feedback loops: ask in confidence.,Recommended Readings,Action Items,Get a day-timer or PDA Put your TODO list in priority order Do a time journal, or count hours of TV Make a note in your day-timer to revisit this talk in 30 days. Ask “What have I changed?”,Time Management,Ran
