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1、第十六章,Translation of Long Sentences,课堂互动1用顺译法翻译下列句子 课堂互动2. 用逆译法翻译下列句子 课堂互动3. 用分译法翻译下列句子 课堂互动4用变序译法翻译列句子,第十六章重点,16.1 英语长句的特点,16.2 英语长句的翻译方法,16.3 长句翻译赏析,第十六章综合练习及参考译文,16.1.1 结构错综复杂 16.1.2 并列复合穿插 16.1.3 语序变化难辨 16.1.4 同位插入省略混杂,16.2. 1 顺译法 16.2. 2 逆译法 16.2. 3 分译法 16.2. 4 变序译法,短文翻译,第十六章 长句翻译,-end,3,英语长句一般都
2、是形体长、词数多、结构复杂的句子。主要因修饰成分多、并列成分多或结构层次多而形成。其中既有并列句，又有复合句，也有简单句。当然，长句中并列句和复合句比例最大，简单句相对要少一些。,第十六章 长句翻译 Translation of Long Sentences,4,英语长句多用于书面语体，如政论、科技语体。 英语长句常常是一个主句带有若干个从句，从句中又夹着短语，短语又帮衬着从句，从句套从句，短语接短语，一步接一步、一环扣一环，互相交叉、互相依附、互相制约、互相解释、互相说明、互相渗透，使句子显得十分冗长。,5,像这种英语长句，翻译时，可考虑采用层次翻译法，首先对原文进行意义分析、切块拆分，按照
3、汉语习惯做文字增删、结构调整，根据逻辑关系重组语言，合理转换语码。,小节结束,6,英语长句句子结构错综复杂，盘根错节，脉络难找。简单句、并列句、复合句综横交错，从句套从句，短语套短语，真是词中有词、词中有句、句中有词、句中有句。,16.1.1 结构错综复杂,16. 1 英语长句的特点 (Features of Long Sentences),7,例1：It was originally surmised that different bodies fell to the ground at rates proportional to their respective weights, but,
4、 towards the end sixteenth century, Galileo contended that the rate of fall was the same for all bodiesprovided gravity were the only force actingand he attributed the slower rate of fall observed on the case of a light body to the resistance of the air, which exerted a relatively greater effect on
5、a light body than on a heavy body of the same size and shape.,It was but, Galileo contended and he attributedthe air that thatwas whichgreater (主语从句) （宾语从句） （定语从句） provided（虚拟条件状语从句）,【译文】原先人们曾猜测，不同的物体落到地面上的速度是与各自的重量成正比的。但是到了十六世纪末，伽利略坚决主张，若重力是惟一的作用力，则所有物体的降落速度都是相同的，他还认为，人们观察到的轻物体降落速度较慢是由于空气的阻力引起的，因为空
6、气阻力对轻物体的影响要比对同样大小同样形状的重物体的影响大得多。,8,例2：He returned with his citation for gallantry from the hand of General Lee to a ruined plantation, where for a year now his daughter had subsisted partially on the meager bounty of the man to whom fifteen years ago he had granted permission to live in that tumbled
7、own fishing camp whose very existence he had at the time forgotten.,【译文】他带着李将军颁发给他的英勇奖状回到已经毁坏了的种植园。在这里他女儿一年来部分地靠沃许（Wash）的一点点施舍过活。沃许就是15年前经他允许住进他过去钓鱼时住过的破败的小屋的那个人，此时他连这间破屋的存在都已忘却了。,He returned to a ruined plantation,where (非限定性定语从句),to whom（限定性定语从句）,whose（限定性定语从句）,9,例3：Just as Darwin discovered the l
8、aw of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue polities, science, art, religion, etc.; that t
9、herefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the peop
10、le concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.,10,Marx discovered the law of development of human history,just as,the simple fact,(方式状语从句),production,that （同位语从句）,degree,in the light of which （定语从句）,
11、before （时间状语从句）,upon which （定语从句）,as（定语从句）,instead of vice versa （插入成分作状语）,that （同位语从句）,【译文】正像达尔文发现有机界的规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来被繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实：人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等活动；所以，直接的物质生活资料的生产和一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展程度，便构成为基础，人们的国家制度，法律的概念，艺术以至宗教概念，就是从这个基础上发展起来的，因而，也必须由这个基础来解释，而不像过去那样做得正好相反。,小节结束,1
12、1,并列成分穿插纵横, 连环套接，难解难分。有并列主语、并列谓语、并列宾语、并列定语、并列状语等。有时状语连状语、定语连定语，并列迭出，中间又穿插各种短语：介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、动名词短语、形容词短语等。,16.1.2 并列复合穿插,12,例1： What do we mean when we say that water is a liquid, air is a gas, and salt is a solid? What do we mean when we say （时间状语从句） that water (that) air (that) solid （宾语从句） （宾语从句
13、） （宾语从句） 【译文】我们说水是液体，空气是气体，盐是固体，我们指的是什么意思呢？,13,例2：And he knew how ashamed he would have been if his girl friend had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born. He knew how （宾语从句） If his girl friend had known （条件状语从句） his mother the kind
14、 of place the kind of people in which （定语从句） among the（定语从句） 【译文】他生活在这类人中间，出生在这样的地方，又有这样的母亲，这一切要是让女朋友知道了的话，他明白会有多么丢人。,14,Though our knowledge be limited to our ideas, and cannot exceed them either in extent or perfection; and though these be very narrow bounds in respect of the extent of all Beings,
15、 and far short of what we may justly imagine to be in some even created understandings not tied down to the dull and narrow information that is to be received from some few and not very acute ways of perception, such as are our senses; yet it would be well with us if our knowledge were but as large as our ideas, and there were not many doubts and inquiries concerning the ideas we have, whereof we are not, nor I believe ever shall be in this world, resolved. (John Locke: An Essay Concerning Human Understandin
