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1、1初三系列复习资料（6）-介词、连词（1）表时间的介词1）at, in on表示时间点用 at。例如：at six oclock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用 in。例如：in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon 等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用 on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning 等。2）since
2、, after由 since 和 after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但 since 词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而 after 词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：I havent heard from him since last summer.After five days the boy came back.3）in, afterin 与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After 与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After 与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段
3、时间的词语。例如：He will be back in two months.He will arrive after four oclock.He returned after a month.（2）表示地点的介词1）at, in, onat 一般指小地方；in 一般指大地方或某个范围之内； on 往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：He arrived inShanghaiyesterday.They arrived at a small village before dark.There is a big hole in the wall.The teacher put up a pic
4、ture on the wall.2）over, above, onover, on 和 above 都可表示“在上面” ，但具体含义不同。Over 表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是 under。 above 也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是 below。On 指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：There is a bridge over the river.We flew above the clouds.They put some flowers on the teachers desk.3）across, throughacross 和 throug
5、h 均可表示“从这一边到另一边” ，但用法不同。Across 的含义与 on 有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh 的含义与 in 有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：The dog ran across the grass.The boy swam across the river.They walked through the forest.2I pushed through the crowds.4) in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“ 在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”
6、，在某个范围以内。例如：There are some tall trees in front of the building.The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.5. 并列连词并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：(1)表并列关系的 and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor 等。(2)表选择关系的 or, eitheror 等。(3)表转折关系的 but, while 等。(4)表因果关系的 for, so 等。7. 常用连词的用法辨析（1） while,
7、 when, as这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是 while。例如：While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是 as。例如：As children get ol
8、der, they become more and more interested in things around them.4) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“ 一边一边”时，最常用 as。例如：Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.She looked behind from time to time as she went5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用 when。例如：When he finished his work, he took a short rest.6) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用 wh
9、en。例如：When John arrived I was cooking lunch.（2）as, because, since , for这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用 because。因此， because 引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：I stayed at home because it rained.-Why arent you going?-Because I dont want to.2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用 as 或 since。Since 比 as 稍微正式一点。As和 since 引导的从句一
10、般放在句子的开头。例如：As he wasnt ready, we left without him.3Since I have no money, I cant buy any food.3) for 用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for 引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For 引导的句子不放在句子的开头。I decided to stop and have lunch-for I was feeling quite hungry.（3）if, whether if 和 whether 都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：I wonder whether (if) you sti
11、ll study in that school. 补充： （4）sothat, such.that1) sothat 中的 so 是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而 such.that 中的 such 是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：Im so tired that I cant walk any farther.It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2) 如果在名词之前有 many, much, little, few 时，用 so,不用 such。例如：He has so little education that he is u
12、nable to get a job.I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.（5）eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：Either you or he is wrong.Neither he nor his children like fish.Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.（6）al
13、though, but这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Although he isover sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或 He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.（7）because, so这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because Johnwas ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这
14、个句子应改为 Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或 John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.-When will Mr Black come toBeijing? -_ September 5.A. On B. To C. At D. In答案：A。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词 on。The boys felt sad as they lost _ the girls in the talk show.A. by B. in C. to D. on答案：C。该题考查的是介词和动词的
15、固定搭配。lose 表示输给谁的时候用介词 to。应选 C。-I like riding fast. Its very exciting.-Oh! You mustnt do it like that, _ it may have an accident.A. and B. or C. so D. but4答案：答语的意思是“你不要那样做，否则会发生事故的。 ”在这四个并列连词中，只有 or 含有这样的意思， John fell asleep _ he was listening to the music.A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as答案：
16、C。该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。 ”表示在干某事时发生了某个事情” 通常用 while。因此应选 C。1. We traveled overnight toParisand arrived _5 oclock_ the morning.A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on2. Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her. A. beside B. about C. except D. with3. She sent her friend a postcard _ a birthday presen
