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1、1. Assimilation 同化 A phonological process in which one speech sound replaced by another that is similar sounds elsewhere in the utterance. 2 Accommodation 顺应 A phonological process in which elements that are shifted or deleted are adapted to their error-induced environments.3. Assemblage errorsThe c
2、orrect choice or word has been made, but the utterance has been faultily assembled. Eg. writtening threat letters-writing threatening letters 4. Aphasia 失语症 A language or speech disorder caused by brain damage.5. Anaphoric reference 回指 A form of reference cohesion in which one linguistic expression
3、refers back to prior information in discourse.6. . Behaviorism 行为主义 The doctrine that states that the proper concern of psychology should be the objective study of behavior rather than the study of the mind.7. Critical period hypothesis 临界期假设 The view that there is a period early in life in which we
4、 are especially prepared to acquire a language.8. Coalescence 合并 A phonological process in which phonemes from different syllables are combined into a single syllable. 9. Common ground 共识 The shared understanding of those involved in the conversation.10. Core grammar 核心语法 is the grammar that rules t
5、he essence of syntax of a language (principles and parameters).It is an innate ability.11. Categorical perception 范畴听辨The disablilty to discriminate sounds within a phonemic category.12. Cohort Model 群模型 A model of auditory word recognition in which listeners are assumed to develop a group of candid
6、ates, a word initial cohort, and then determine which member of that cohort corresponds to the presented word.13. Coherence 连贯 The degree to which different parts of a text are connected to one another. Coherence exits at both local and global levels of discourse.14. Distinctive features 显著特征 The sp
7、ecification of the differences between speech sounds in terms of individual contrasts15. Descriptive adequacy 描写充分性 The extent to which a grammar can provide a structural description of a sentence.16. Explanatory adequacy 解释充分性 The extent to which a agrammar can explain the facts of language acquisi
8、tion. See also descriptive adequacy and observational adequacy.17. Episodic memory 情景记忆The division of permanent memmory in which personally experienced information is stored.18 Holophrase 表句词 A one-word utterance used by a child to express more than the meaning attributed to the word by adults. 19.
9、 Idiomorph A sound or sound sequence used consistenly by a child to refer to someone or something even though it is not the sound sequence conventionally used in the language for that purpose. 20. Incremental processing 增量处理 The notion that we are planning one portion of our utterance as we articula
10、te another portion.21. Language bioprogram hypothesis 语言生物程序假设 The hypothesis that children whose environmental exposure to language is limited use a backup linguistic system.22. Language transfer 语言迁移 In second-language acquisition, the process in which the first language influences the acquisition
11、 of a subsequent language23. Logogen 词汇发生 Structure in the internal lexicon that specifies the various attributes (semantic, orthographic, and so on) of a word.24. Mutual exclusivity bias 相互排斥倾向 A cognitive constraint in which children assume that an object is ordinarily not given two different name
12、s. 25. . Motherese 母式语言 A form of adult-to-child speech characterized by relatively simple utterances, concrete referents, exaggerated intonation patterns, and a high proportion of directive utterances.26. Memory span 记忆广度A persons memory span is the number of items that can be reliably recalled in
13、the correct order.27. Minimal attachment strategy 最少接触策略A principle used in parsing. It states that we prefer attaching new items into the phrase marker being constructed using the fewest syntactic nodes consistent with the rules of the language.28. Overregularization 规则泛化 When a child applies a lin
14、guisitic rule to cases that are exceptions to the rule-for example, saying goed instead of went. 29. Observational adequacy 观察充分性 The extent to which a grammar can distinguish between acceptance and unacceptance strings of words. See also descriptive adequacy and explanatory adequacy. 30. Pidgin 混杂语
15、 An auxiliary language that is created when speakers of mutually unintelligible languages are in close contact.31. Psycholinguistics 心理语言学 The study of the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language.32. Psychological reality 心理现实性 one assumption (that was made) was that the surface struc
16、ture was the starting point for comprehension and that the deep structure was the and point, the roles were assumed to be reversed for production.33. Parallel processing 平行加工 When two or more processses take place at the same time.34. Parsing 句法分析 The process of assigning words into grammatical categories.35. Reduction 减少 A phonological process in child language in which one or more phonemes are deleted. Also called cluster reduction because consonant clusters are often reduced, suc
