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1、,语法突破 第九讲定语从句和名词性从句,大一轮复习英语,精题在线,技巧点拨,考点归纳,精题在线,1(2013高考北京卷) Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected. 句意：很多国家现在都在建立国家公园，在那里动植物能够受到保护。先行词为national parks，代入定语从句后为：In the national parks animals and plants can be protected.故使用表示地点的关系副词where或in which引导定语从句。
2、where/in which,答案,精题在线,2(2013高考天津卷)We have launched another manmade satellite, _ is announced in todays newspaper. 句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这件事是在今天的报纸上宣布的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面一句话，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用which/as引导。 which/as,答案,精题在线,3(2014高考山东卷) A pany _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities a
3、broad. 句意：从国内市场得到的利润正在下降的公司可以去国外寻找机会。本题考查定语从句。先行词为pany，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The panys profits from home markets are declining.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作定语，故填whose。 whose,答案,精题在线,4(2014高考重庆卷) Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year. 句意：一个月以后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。在本句中，先行词是the sales targets
4、，关系代词在定语从句中作set的宾语，所以填关系代词which/that。设空处也可以不填，因为关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 which/that,答案,精题在线,5(2014高考江苏卷) The book has helped me greatly in my daily munication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must. 句意：这本书对我的日常交流很有帮助，尤其是在那些必须给人留下良好印象的工作中。根据句意填关系副词where。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。 where,答案,(一)在定语从句中
5、，需注意以下几个方面 1关系代词有who，whom，which，that，whose； 2关系副词有when，where，why(仅限先行词为reason)等。,技巧点拨,注意： 先行词是occasion时，常用when；先行词是point，stage，situation，case，position时，常用where。先行词the way后，可用that，in which引导，但通常省略不用。 关系副词when和where有时可用“介词which”代替，why可用for which代替。,技巧点拨,以下情况只能用that引导定语从句： A先行词是all，everything，anything，
6、nothing，something，much，little，few，none，the one，或先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，few，none修饰时。 B先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，或先行词被序数词修饰时。 C先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 D先行词同时含有人和物时。 E定语从句为there be句型时，或主句有疑问词who，which，what时。,技巧点拨,以下情况不能用that引导定语从句： A“介词关系代词”结构中。 B引导非限制性定语从句时。,技巧点拨,(二)名词性从句有主语从句、宾
7、语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。不论哪类从句，其引导词均为以下四类： 1连词that，无任何词义，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，引导宾语从句时可省略。 2连词whether(是否)在从句中不充当任何句子成分，引导宾语从句时也可用if。,技巧点拨,3连接代词有what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever等。它们有各自的含义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语等，不省略。 4连接副词有how，when，where，however，whenever，wherever。它们有各自的含义，起连接作用，在从句中充当状语
8、，不省略。,技巧点拨,注意： 主语从句作主语，主句谓语动词通常用单数；为使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语。 表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时可用if或whether，但在介词后或在discuss后或直接与or not连用时，只能用whether引导。 同位语从句一般放在fact，news，idea，promise，suggestion，advice等抽象名词之后，说明或解释这些抽象名词的具体内容，多用that引导，不能由which引导。,技巧点拨,一、定语从句 .关系词的用法 1whose 用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。 The old temple whose roof was damage
9、d in a storm is now under repair. 2who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature，who，for some reason，had withdrawn from all human society.,考点归纳,3which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to re
10、ach your host family. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.,考点归纳,4关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour. The reason why I dont trust him is that
11、he often tells lies.,考点归纳,【名师点津】先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。 Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. Shes in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her.,考点归纳,5the way后面定语从句的关系词 在定语从句中，the way是一个
12、比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略关系词；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 The way (that/which) I thought of to solve this problem proves to be practical.(先行词作宾语) I dont like the way(that/in which)you solve the problem.(先行词作方式状语),考点归纳,.“介词关系代词”结构引导的定语从句 1在“介词关系代词”结构中，介词的宾语只能是which或w
13、hom且不可省略。 In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree. 2“介词which/whom不定式”结构。 The poor man has no house in which to live. 3“ofwhich/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) In our class there are 46 students，of w
14、hom half wear glasses.,考点归纳,.as，which引导的定语从句 1as引导的定语从句 用在the same.as，such.as，as.as，so.as结构中，as可以作主语、宾语或表语，可以用来代替先行词。 They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语) He is not the same man as he wa
15、s.(as作表语),考点归纳,【名师点津】(1)such.as.(定语从句)像那样 such.that.(状语从句)如此以至于 This is such an easy question as I can answer.(定语从句) This is such an easy question that I can answer it.(状语从句),考点归纳,(2)the same.as.表示相似的东西 the same.that.表示同一人或物 This is the same knife as I lost. This is the same knife that I lost.,考点归纳,
16、2关系代词as，which的区别 (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。 It is the third time that she has won the race，which has surprised us all.,考点归纳,(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。 As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(名词性从句) What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round
