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1、do sth by the book郑人买履A man of the state of Zheng wanted to buy a pair of shoes.从前，郑国有个人想买双鞋。He measured his foot and put the measurement on a chair.他量好了自己脚的尺码，把它放在了椅子上。When he set out for the market,he forgot to bring it along.可当他赶往市集时，却忘了带量好的尺码。It was after he had found the pair he wanted that thi
2、s occurred to him.他要买鞋时，才想了起来。I forgot the measurement, said he.他说：“我忘带尺码了。 ”He went home to get it. But when he returned, the market had closed and he did not get his shoes after all.他回家去取量好的尺码。等他赶回来时，市集已经关了，他还是没能买到鞋。Why didnt you try on the shoes with your feet? He was asked.有人问：“为什么不用你自己的脚去试一试鞋子呢
3、？”Id rather trust the measurement than trust myself.他说：“我宁愿相信尺码也不相信我自己的脚。 ”【文化链接】 成语“郑人买履”形容了一个不折不扣“不知变通”的人，做人如果“一味只知道照本宣科” ，那就会变得“墨守成规” ，就像这个“买鞋的郑人”一样了。英文中“郑人买履”可以用“do sth by the book”来表达，意思就是“ 凡事都按照规章制度来办 ”，有时候引申开来意思就是“墨守陈规”了。我们一起来看一个例句：This is a private deal - we dont have to do everything by the
4、 book.这是一桩私下的买卖，我们没必要都按规矩来做，这么死板。give up halfway半途而废During the Warring States Period (475-221BC), there was a man called Yue Yangzi in State Wei.战国时期，魏国有个叫乐羊子的人。Yue Yangzi felt that he should go out and visit scholars to enrich his knowledge. So he set off.乐羊子离开家到了一个很远的地方，去拜师求学。A year later, he came
5、 back home suddenly. Why have you returned? asked his wife in surprise, Youve only spent one year studying with scholars.一年后，乐羊子突然回到家中，他的妻子很惊讶地问：“你怎么回来了？你才和那些学者学了一年呀。 ”I come back because I missed you very much.乐羊子说：“我太想你了，所以回来看看。 ”Without saying anything, his wife took a pair of scissors and went t
6、o the loom at which she had worked.他的妻子听了以后，二话不说，拿起把剪刀走到她的织布机前。Pointing at the half done brocade, she proclaimed : This brocade is woven from the finest silk.I wove one strand after another to produce the brocade. Now if I cut it, all my previous work will be wasted. Its the same with your studies.
7、You can acquire knowledge only through diligence. Now, youve given up halfway. Isnt it the same as cutting the brocade on the loom?她指着那块已经完成了一半的锦缎说：“这块锦缎用的是最好的丝。我一丝丝的累积来织成这锦缎。如果我现在把它剪断，就等于前功尽弃。你求学也是这样。如果现在停止，和剪断织布机上的锦缎有什么区别？”Yue Yangzi was moved by what she said. He again left home to visit scholars
8、. Several years later he became a knowledgable man.乐羊子被妻子的话所感动，于是立刻离开家，继续拜师求学。几年后，乐羊子终于完成学业，成为一个博学的人。【文化链接】英文中“半途而废 ”可以用“give up halfway”来表达，意思就是 “ 中途放弃” 。我们一起来看几个例句：How to not give up halfway to reaching my goal?如何才能不半途而废，来达到我的最终目标呢？I hope you are mentally prepared to overcome hardships because Ive
9、 seen too many adventurers give up halfway.我希望你能做好心理准备去克服困难，因为我见过太多半途而废的冒险家。If we choose to give up halfway, we are doomed to be losers.如果我们半途而废，我们将注定是失败者。be there just to make up the number/pretend to be an expert滥竽充数During the Warring States Period (475-221BC), the King of the State of Qi was very
10、 fond of listening to yu ensembles. He often got together 300 yu players to form a grand music.战国时，齐宣王喜欢听竽，通常是三百人的大合奏。The king treated his musicians very well.齐宣王给予乐师们非常优厚的待遇。A man named Nanguo heard about that and he managed to become a member of the band, even though he was not good at playing the
11、 instrument at all.所以有一个叫南郭的人尽管并不擅长吹竽，也设法混进了乐队。Whenever the band played for the king, Nanguo just stood in the line and pretended to play. Nobody realized he was making no sound at all. As a result, he enjoyed his treatment just as the other musicians did.当乐队演奏时，他就站在队伍里假装也在吹。没有人注意到其实他连一点声音也没吹出来，所以南郭
12、也享受到和其他乐师一样的待遇。When the king died, his son became the new ruler who also liked the music played on the yu. However, he preferred solos so that he ordered the musicians to play the yu one by one. Therefore, Nanguo had to run out of the palace.齐宣王死后，他的儿子继承了王位。他也喜欢听竽，可是他喜欢听独奏，所以他让乐师一个个吹给他听，于是南郭不得不逃跑了。T
13、he idiom be there just to make up the number is used to mock someone who pretend to be a specialist. You can also hear people saying it about themselves to show their modesty.“滥竽充数”这个成语用来嘲笑那些没有真正才干，却混在行家里的人。人们有时也用“滥竽充数”来表示自谦。If you wish good advice, consult an old man老马识途In the Spring and Autumn Per
14、iod, Duke Huan of Qi led an army to attack a small state in the north.春秋时代，齐桓公出征攻打北方一个小国。They went in spring when green grass covered the ground.去的时候是春天，遍地绿草茵茵。But when they came back it was winter.Everywhere was white with snow and the wind was howling.The troops lost their way.回来的时候是冬天，白雪茫茫，狂风怒吼，于
15、是齐桓公的队伍迷失了方向。While everybody was worrying, Guan Zhong, the dukes chief minister, suggested: An old horse may know the way.找不到回去的路，大家都很着急。这时，齐桓公的宰相管仲说：“可以利用老马的经验。 ”So the duke ordered several old horse to be selected to lead the army. Finally, they found the way back home.于是齐桓公派人挑选了几匹老马在前面引路，果然走出了迷谷，找到了回去的道路。This idiom refers to the value of experience.“老马识途”这个成语用来比喻有经验的人，熟悉情况，办事效果好。
