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1、英语中常见的省略省略是为了避免重复，突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。【词的省略】一.省略介词I spent two hours ( in ) playing basketball .二.省略连接词that在know , think , consider , suppose , find , believe ,say , decide ,等动词后的宾语从句中that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可以省略，其余的不可以省略。I believe ( that ) you will succeed .Im sure（t
2、hat）Mr. Smith will help you .注意：在宾语从句中，当有两个以上并列从句时，第一个that可以省略，以后的均不可省略。He said ( that ) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart .三.省略关系代词在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that , which , who , whom可省略，非限制性定语从句中的关系词不能省略。I will give you all ( that ) I have.Mike read the book ( which ) I bough
3、t yesterday .The girl ( who / whom / that ) the teacher spoke to is Lily .【句子成分的省略】一.省略主语。如：Beg your pardon. ( Beg前省略了主语I )Take care ! ( Take前省略了主语you )Looks as if it is going to rain . ( Looks前省略了主语it )二.省略谓语。如：Who next? ( Who后面省略了谓语comes )The lake was deep and the ice thin .( ice后面省略了was )We will
4、do the best we can . ( can后面省略了动词do )三.省略表语。如：-Are you ready?-Yes ,I am . ( am后省略了ready )四.省略宾语。如：Lets do the dishes . Ill wash and youll dry . ( wash和dry后面省略了宾语dishes )五.省略状语。如：Tom was not hurt . Strange ! ( Strange前面省略了状语how )六.在由and和but连接的句子中，为了避免重复，常省略一些重复的词或词组。1.省略共同的主语或状语。Mr. Smith picked up a
5、 coin in the road and ( Mr. Smith ) handed it to a policeman .2.若主语不同而谓语助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的情态动词或助动词。 Jack must have been playing football and Mary ( must have been ) doing her homework .3.若主语与谓语相同，则省略后面的主语成分。 His advice made me happy , but ( his advice made ) Jim angry .4.若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续
6、部分。 I was born in winter 1998 and Bob ( was born in winter ) in 1989 .5.省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。He was late because he had overslept and ( because he had ) missed the train .【特别提醒】一.省略句可同时省略掉句子的几个成分。如：What exciting news ! ( = What exciting news it is ! )Pity he has failed . ( It is a pity that he has failed
7、 .)二.英语中有一些固定的省略结构：1.在以if , when , while ,till ,though ,as soon as , whenever , as if , as , whether , than , unless 等连词引导的状语从句中，如从句中的主要动词是be ，而主语又跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和动词be常省略。如：If necessary , we shall send a telegram home .While cycling , dont forget to see the traffic lights .I will not go to the p
8、arty unless ( I am ) invited .Though ( he was ) tired , he was not disheartened .I Will go to Beijing next week if ( it is ) possible .Errors if ( there are ) any , should be corrected .注意：there be的省略He got to school earlier than ( he had been ) expected .2.由固定词组引导的疑问句。如：What about playing basketbal
9、l ?What if it is raining ?3.在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省去和句子前部分重复的动词原形而只保留不定式符号to。如：He may leave if he wishes to .Dont go till I tell you to .4.被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上，但有时省略结构已经定型，如果把省略部分补上，反而不合乎习惯。如：He is shorter than I am . ( am之后省略short ，补上不合习惯。)No parking .禁止停车。告示用语（ = No parking is allowed here .）还有一些习惯表达很难补上省略
10、的部分。如：Not at all .No matter .三.用于虚拟语气中1.虚拟条件句中得省略if ,将were ,had , should（万一）提前构成部分倒装。 Should there be a flood ( If there should(万一) be a flood ) ，what should (应该) we do ? Had he taken my advice , ( If he had taken my advice) , he would have done it better .2.在与suggest / request / order / advise等词相关的
11、名词性从句中必须用虚拟语气。“should + v”形式，should可省略。 The officer ordered that his men ( should ) fire .四.用so或not作为替代词以避免重复。在肯定陈述句中so可以代替一个单词，短语或句子，在否定句中not可以代替否定意义句子。常用于此结构的动词有hope / be afraid / think / believe / suppose / imagine / expect / guess等。- You have not lost the ticket , have you ?- I hope not . I know
12、 it is not easy to get another one at the moment .- Is she all right ?- I think so .五.动词不定式的省略1.只保留to的场合a.不定式作某些动词的宾语，宾补或主补时，常见动词：like , hope , wish , expect , prefer , refuse , mean , try , advise , persuade , agree , want , afford , forget , remember , manage等。 She wants to come but her parents wo
13、nt allow her to .- Would you like to go fishing with me ?- Yes , I would love to .b.作某些形容词的状语时，常见的形容词有：happy , glad , eager , anxious , willing , ready等。 - Will you join us in a discussion ? - Yes , Ill be glad to .c.常见结构如：be able to , be going to , have to , ought to , used to ,当不定式后有作助动词时用的have或be
14、的形式时，要保留到原形have或be . - You ought to have finished your work . - I know I ought to have . China is no longer what it used to be .2.不定式符号to的省略a.主语部分有to do ,系动词是is / are /was /were时，作表语的不定式可省略（可省可不省） The only thing you have to do is ( to ) press the button , All I have to do is ( to ) study .b.作介词but ,
15、 except , besides的宾语，前面有实义动词do的各种形式时，常省略to。介词前的介词用V-ing，表“除了”含义的介词后的动词用to do .Tom had nothing to do except / but ( to ) answer letters this morning .I have no feeling but to hate him . (这里to的必须保留)c.当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可省略，但有对比或转折关系时不可省。 Rice is easy to cook and ( to ) eat . It is better to watch TV than to swim .d.在see , watch , notice , look at , hear , listen to , feel , have , make , let , leave , observe（感官动词与使役动词）等词后作宾语补足语时及would rather .than. ,why ( not ) do , had better结构后，省略to。 I often see him play basketball . You had better stay at ho
