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1、【原发表于商务印书馆英语世界2013 年第 1 期】雪莱西风颂译论辜 正 坤 Ode to the West WindBy Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4,1792 July 8,1822) I1O wild West Wind,2 thou breath of Autumns being, 3Thou, from whose unseen presence4 the leaves dead 5Are driven, like ghosts6 from an enchanter7 fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and
2、hectic red, 8Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou, 9Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed 10The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, Each like a corpse within its grave, until Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow 11Her clarion oer the dreaming earth, and fill 12(Driving sweet buds l
3、ike flocks to feed in air) With living hues and odours plain and hill: 13Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; 14Destroyer and preserver; hear, O hear! II15Thou on whose stream, mid the steep skys commotion, 16Loose clouds like earths decaying leaves are shed, Shook from the tangled boughs of He
4、aven and Ocean, 17Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread 18On the blue surface of thine airy surge, Like the bright hair uplifted from the head Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge 19Of the horizon to the zeniths height 20The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge 21Of the dyin
5、g year, to which this closing night Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre, Vaulted with all thy congregated might 22Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: O hear! III23Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams 24The blue Mediterranean, where he lay, Lulle
6、d by the coil of his crystalline streams, 25Beside a pumice isle in Baiaes bay, 26And saw in sleep old palaces and towers Quivering within the waves intenser day, 27All overgrown with azure moss and flowers So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou 28For whose path the Atlantics level powers 2
7、9Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below 30The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear The sapless foliage of the ocean, know Thy voice, and suddenly grow grey with fear, 31And tremble and despoil themselves: O hear! 32IV33If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear; If I were a swift cloud to
8、fly with thee; A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share The impulse of thy strength, only less free Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even 34I were as in my boyhood, and could be The comrade of thy wanderings over heaven, 35As then, when to outstrip thy skyey speed 36Scarce seemed a vision; I would
9、 neer have striven 37As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need. 38Oh! lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud! I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed! A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed 39One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud. V40Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is: 41What i
10、f my leaves are falling like its own! The tumult of thy mighty harmonies 42Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone, Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce, My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one! 43Drive my dead thoughts over the universe 44Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth; And,
11、by the incantation of this verse, 45Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind! Be through my lips to unawakened earth The trumpet of a prophecy! O, Wind, 46If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? 47西 风 颂珀西比希雪莱 作辜 正 坤 译注I啊！烈烈西风，你秋魂之鸣咽， 48虽不露身形，却宛若法师咒诀驱走妖魔，乱
12、卷起，周遭败叶，或黄或黑、或苍白，或惨红如血，连同缠身疫疠，群飞大野。呀，你，挟展翅种子，迳向那冬床安歇，栖身于静土，幽深，清冽；一粒粒，若僵尸长卧于墓穴，静待你阳春青妹，一朝号角嘶鸣，唤醒梦中大地，驱使香蕾不竭，如羊群游牧青空，令奇香异味，五彩缤纷，齐向山脉平原倾泻：狂暴之秋魂，你周流无垠，既保存，又毁灭！听，啊听！II你澎湃风潮，高天乱象纷列，破云飘坠，如大地残叶惊飞，天海间如有枝丫盘缠纠结，你从乱枝间摇落雨电使者： 49从你那气流汹涌的碧浪涛堆，将临之暴风雨如狂女金发汪回， 50遮蔽天际，怒举飘飞之发丝，遥从朦胧天海之交界，披散绵延，直达霄汉云绝。你，这暮年之悲鸣，歌吟四合夜色将如穹隆高
13、张之硕大陵阙，凝聚你全部浩茫云气，伟哉巨力， 从你那密实浑然之体，当有黑雨倾盆，冰雹、电火将轰然如堤决：啊，你听！III地中海，蔚蓝，有巴亚湾石岛相与枕藉，被你惊破夏梦宁帖。此邦湾流纤卷潆洄，晶莹澄澈， 缓送出催眠之讴，使梦中大海，梦见几多古殿森森、亭台楼榭，炎夏明照处，波光里楼影摇曳。碧苔如染，四外鲜花集结， 馥郁香浓，提起便醉煞人也！大西洋，沧波千里横流越，你来了，开道！百丈深渊纵裂！渊底海草枝蔓，藻花交接，丛林茂树披戴着柔妆繁叶，忽闻你大驾光临，顿然心寒胆怯，战栗，落叶飘似雪：听， 啊 听！ 51 IV我但愿如败叶随你飘不歇，我但愿如流云伴你腾飞越。又恰似浪逐惊飙，借你神威，吼波山叠。叹
14、不如你，无羁情怀烈，盼只盼，有当年童心，定陪你飘举遨游，九重宫阙。纵长空比疾，或胜你三分，又何至今朝潦倒尘界，苦求你助我痛海超生。呀，卷去我如浪如云如落叶！人生棘上何堪跌！流尽我，殷红血！岁月锁住英雄汉，岂忍腰折，本天生似你：傲岸，不羁，敏捷。且化我作林海，如琴似瑟， 萧萧，任吹落纷纷疏林叶！但听你金风弄潮，平添上浑厚秋声，幽咽，甜蜜更凄切！呀！狂放之灵，但愿君威化我威，两魂共心穴！且驱我朽腐思想，如朽叶横飞，撒遍六合，待促起别般新蘖。吐诗行如咒，凭借，则恰似煽起炉头火种热灰，乱纷纷撒播我言辞人寰彻！对沉睡江山，请启我双唇作警号，吹响醒世音节！呀，西风，若冬天已回，春岂长隔远山遥月？【此诗翻译
15、对策略论】此诗的翻译，是我早年西诗汉译词曲风味体理论的尝试之一。关于这种理论的具体陈述，有兴趣者请参阅我的中西诗比较鉴赏与翻译理论二版（清华大学出版社，2010 年），这里不再细论。但是书中针对此诗的具体情况，曾有一点论述（个别字这里有更动），如下：凡读过雪莱西风颂的读者，很少有不为诗中那种大气磅礴、所向披靡的诗绪所震撼的。此诗的汉译已有若干种，译得也都不错。但 总嫌诗 味不够浓，而以词曲风味体形式译此诗者更不多见。译这首 诗如何表达出雪莱那种吞云吐雾的气魄？ 我想不妨摹拟元曲的一些曲调风味。凡读过 关汉卿杂剧单刀会的人谁不震慑于关云长下面唱词中表现出的英雄气概？双调新水令大江东去浪千叠，引着
16、这数十人驾着这小舟一叶。又不比九重龙凤阙，可正是千丈虎狼穴。大丈夫心烈，我觑这单刀会似赛村社。【驻马听】水涌山叠。年少周郎何处也？不觉的灰飞烟灭，可怜黄盖转伤嗟。破曹的樯橹一时绝，鏖兵的江水犹然热，好教我情惨切。二十年流不尽的英雄血！这里关曲与雪莱诗在内容上并无多大相似处，可是在情绪上却有一种相通处，我们翻译西风颂（Ode to the West Wind）时不妨摹拟其气势 ， 古人谓之“偷势”。关曲中的“叠”、 “叶”、“烈 ”、“灭” 、“血 ”等韵脚多是仄声，读起来有一种发自肺腑的壮怀激烈感。我们也可以摹拟，谓之“偷语”。 1诗词曲的风味其实就是诗味。诗味与话味恰恰是对立的。古人费了上千年的功夫，好不容易使原来的白话进化成了诗，有了一整套的诗歌写作规则，使用这套规则写诗填词，就会有大别于白话的诗味-诗词曲风味。当然，我们今天可以不必完全照搬传统诗词曲的格律来写诗和翻译诗了，但是不同程度地借鉴、利用这一极其
