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1、第 1 页 共 7 页2012 年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之科技说明文类1.【2012 全国 II】(E)Make Up Your Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone
2、s winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly dif
3、ferent mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Heres how they work:A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic youre a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes its sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as
4、personal shame. When things get difficult, its quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊 ) isnt on the line as much,
5、the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, its quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldnt be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instruc
6、tors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dwecks book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your chi
7、ldren, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.57. What does the author think about the present generation?A. They dont do well at school. B. They are often misunderstood.C. They are eager to win in sports. D. They are given too much praise.58. A fixed mind-set person is probably on
8、e who _ .A. doesnt want to work hardB. cares a lot about personal safetyC. cannot share his ideas with othersD. can succeed with the help of teachers59. What does the growth mind-set believe?A. Admitting failure is shameful.B. Talent comes with ones birth.C. Scores should be highly valued.D. Getting
9、 over difficulties is enjoyable.60. What should parents do for their children based on Dwecks study?A. Encourage them to learn from failures.B. Prevent them from making mistakes.C. Guide them in doing little things.D. Help them grow with praise.2.【2012 四川卷】AOn a hill 600 feet above the surrounding l
10、and, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the h
11、our before. Each look reminds us where we are.There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show
12、even a passing interest, maple（枫树）makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the re
13、st is water, they never say anything against that.The seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars（杨树）putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local steam as the ice gradually disappears
14、, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.41. What can be learned from Paragraph 2?A. The scenes are colorful and changeable.B. There are many windows in the wooden house.C. The views remind us that we are
15、 in a wooden house.D. The lakes outside the windows are quite different in color.42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that _ .A. the kids like playing in trees B. the kids are very familiar with trees C. the kids have learned much knowledgeD. the kids find trees useful l
16、earning tools43. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A. The change of seasons is easily felt.B. The seasons make the scenes change.C. The weather often changes in the forest.D. The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.44. What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?A. To describe the beauty of the scene around the house.第 2 页 共 7 页B. To introduce her childrens happy life in the forest.C. To show that living in the fo
