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1、（英语）高考英语总复习- 阅读理解 ( 社会文化 )一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1阅读理解The British live on a small island. They are surrounded by thesea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role intheir lives. After the development of large, ocean- going sailing ships in the fifteenthcentury, the sea became
2、even more important to the countrys development. Shipssetting sail from England determined to extend Britains territories, its wealthand its knowledge of the world. Ships returned to England bringing goods, peopleand new ideas from foreign places. By the nineteenth century, Britain had the largest,m
3、ost powerful navyin the world.The great sailing ships were so much a part of British life thatthey even affected the language.Many English expressions we use today were originallynautical(航海的 )terms, although mostpeople no longer realize this. For example, people commonlydescribe an honest and fair
4、business deal as being above board. Thisexpression was originally used in sailing ship times when secretive, dishonest shipsbusiness would be carried out below decks (below the boards) out ofpublic view.On the other hand, honest business was always conductedon deck (above theboards),in the open wher
5、e everyone could see what was going on.Pipe down!,meaning Be quiet!,is anothercommonexpression that has nautical origins.The ships boatswain ( 水手长 ) would blow a whistle, or pipe, at theend of the day to indicate (表明) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.Most native English spe
6、akers have heard the expression notenough room to swing a cat, but few know that the cat does notrefer to a small furry animal with four legs and a tail. The cat isactually a short form of cat of nine tails a whip with nine, knotted( 打结的 ) tails. Aboatswain needed a lot of spacein order to swing the
7、 whip properly when lashing ( 鞭打 ) a poor sailor under his control!（ 1） The British have been strongly influenced by the sea because _.A. they occupied more land around the world B. they got more wealth from the sea C. they live on an island surrounded by the sea D. they had the largest navy ever（ 2
8、） If someone is open and above board, it means he is _.A. secretiveB. honestC. cheerfulD. dishonest（ 3） Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Sailors need to go to sleep when they hear a whistle.B. Sailors will be whipped if they do business below decks.C. A poor sailor may be w
9、hipped nine times a day.D. There is no spare room to raise cats on ships.（4） What is the main idea of the passage?A. The business on British sailing ships.B. The influence of British sailors language on English.C. The sailing history of England.D. The sailing story of British sailors.【答案】 （1） C（ 2）
10、B（ 3） A（ 4） B【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇 明文，英国作 一个 国，四周 海，海洋在英国人的生活中起着重要的作用。英国曾有着 大的海 。一直以来，水手 常使用的一些航海 丰富并影响着英 言。（1）考 理解。根据第一段中的“They are surrounded by the sea, so it is not surprisingthat the sea has a lways played an important role in their lives.可知，英国被海洋” ，海 英国人的生活影响很大。故 C。（ 2 ）考 猜 。根据第二段中的 business deal as
11、being “ aboveboard“ peoplecommonlydescribean honest”可知，如果 ”一个 公正的人就会被 是and fairaboveboard 。”故 B。（3）考 理解。根据第三段中的“The ships boatswain (水手 ) would blow a whistle, orpipe, at the end of the day to indicate ( 表明 ) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep. 可”知船上的水手 会在一天 束的 候吹口哨或吹笛子，向水手 表
12、示 安静下来睡 了。故 A。（4）考 主旨大意。第一段介 英国是一个受到海洋影响的国家，四周 海，航海在人 的生活中起着重要的作用。以此引入主 即水手 在航行 使用的一些航海 英 言所 生的影响。故 B。【点 】本 考点涉及 理解， 猜 和主旨大意三个 型的考 ，是一篇文化 ，要求考生在捕捉 信息的基 上， 一步根据上下文的 关系， 行分析，推理，概括和 ，从而 出正确答案。2 理解Now in 2019, jazz music is an important part of Indianapolis art culture. Jazz clubs around the city still
13、host concerts with local jazz musicians like Rob Dixon and Joel Tucker. One of these clubs, the Chatterbox Jazz Club, still has live jazz seven nights a week.But the real history of jazz in Indy is much less simple. Along with the Avenues culture, jazz music was gone from the streets for many years.
14、Indiana Avenue was the heart of a neighborhood along the White River. It was a center for black music and live street music. The wealthy avoided this area. So it became a place that poorer families, including many African-American and immigrant ( 移民 ) families, moved to.Jazz prospered in the mix of
15、American cultures around the Avenue in the 1930s and 1940s. But in the 1950s, things changed. After the war, there were projects to make the city beautiful and build a university nearby. Both of these seemed like good changes. However, the new universityand buildings caused poorer families to have to leave the area. This destroyed the Indiana Avenue community - and with it, its jazz culture.After
