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1、第七讲主谓一致 第一课时知识过关课,读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文。领悟画线黑体部分。思考：主谓一致包括哪些原则？分别在什么情况下使用语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则？ My seatmate James, whose parents have been teaching1 English in Guangzhou for ten years，comes2 from the United States, which is3 one of the most developed countries in the world. He as well as his parents enjoys4
2、 living in Guangzhou because neither James nor his parents find5 it difficult to adapt to the life in China. In their opinion, many a custom here is6 easy to understand and ten years is7 enough for them to get used to all the customs.,I, together with James, extremely like8 English but physics seems
3、9 rather difficult for us. Besides，both he and I are10 very fond of reading story books, and the Arabian Nights is11 one of the most interesting books that have been read12 by us. Our class is13 united as a big family. Now the class are14 preparing for the coming sports meet, so large quantities of
4、our recent time have been spent15 on it. What we need is16 a qualified coach because being trained properly is17 of great importance. We each are all aware that each of us plays18 an important role in our class. We have decided to hold a celebration if getting a good result but when and where we are
5、 going to hold it hasnt been decided19,1语法一致原则，复数主语用复数谓语动词。 2语法一致原则，单数主语用单数谓语动词。 3意义一致原则，若主语形式上为复数，而意义上是单数，动词要用单数。本句中的the United States虽然形式上是复数，但指的是一个国家，替代它的which作主语，谓语用单数。 4语法一致原则，“A as well as/together with/with B”结构在主语位置时，主语是A，因此，谓语动词与A保持一致。,5就近原则，由or，either.or，nor，neither.nor，not only.but also，n
6、ot.but连接的并列主语，通常按照就近一致原则，谓语动词的单、复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定。 6语法一致原则，“many a(很多)/more than one(不止一个)单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 7意义一致原则，表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 8语法一致原则，主语后面接说明主语的修饰语together with，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。,9意义一致原则，以-ics结尾表示学科的名词作主语时，通常表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。,10语法一致原则，当主语是both.and连
7、接的并列结构，如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。 11意义一致原则，复数形式的专有名词(表示国家、城市、机构、组织以及书籍、报纸、杂志等)作主语，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数。 12语法一致原则，one of复数名词定语从句，之前有the only，the very，the just等限定词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，如没有这些限定词和修饰语，定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。,13意义一致原则，集体名词class如果作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。 14意义一致原则，集体名词class如果作个别成员看待，谓语动词用复数形式。 15当“(large)quantit
8、ies of可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 16当what引导主语从句，或由and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。 17语法一致原则，非谓语动词(动词的v.-ing形式、不定式)作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 18当“eachof名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 19语法一致原则，从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,.单句填空(用所给词的正确形式填空) 1Either you or the headmaster _ (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students
9、 at the meeting. 2The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，_ (visit) a museum when the earthquake struck. 3Two fifths of the land in that district _(be) covered with trees and grass. 4Nowadays, a large number of women，especially those from the countryside，_ (work) in the clothing industry.,
10、is,was visiting,is,work,5. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ ( wash ) away each year. 6He is the only one of the students who _ (be) a winner of scholarship for three years. 7Every possible means _( use ) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
11、8When and where to go for the onsalary holiday _(not, decide) yet.,are being washed,has been,has been used,has not been decided,9She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _(reach) 50 million. 10Professor Smith, along with his assistants，_ (work) on the project day and night to
12、meet the deadline. 11He _ ( pretend ) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 12“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking.”Jane _(inform),have reached,is working,was pretending,was informed,.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。) 1Tom have been reading that book all the mornin
13、g so he is tired now._ 2As everybody knows, politics are now taught in all schools._ 3Kate, one of my good friends, come from Guangzhou._ 4As we all know, people speaks English all over the world._ 5The teacher, together with his students, are planting trees on the street._,havehas,areis,comecomes,s
14、peaksspeak,areis,6Not only the students but also the teacher wish for a holiday._ 7It is the parents and their son that wants to buy the bicycle._ 8Many a student have been sent to plant trees._ 9Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it._ 10To rea
15、d English aloud every morning do you a lot of good._,wishwishes,wantswant,havehas,第二个waswere,dodoes,.语篇填空(阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。) Our school library，along with many other buildings, is very different from other schools. There 1._ (be) two computer rooms，three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building. The number of the books 2._ (be) large, and maybe there are 100, 000 books in it. It is said that all the books cost our school 200, 000 dollars. Maybe 200, 000 do
