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1、高考英语语法填空考点讲解与真题分析专题21动词（六）非谓语动词（四）6. 作补语不定式和分词都能作补语，首先要判断用不定式还是分词，然后再确定不定式或分词的形式。1. 感觉动词（主要有see, hear, notice, feel, watch, observe等）和使役动词（主要有make, let, have等）跟不定式作宾补语时，不定式不能带to，但用于被动语态时(let, have不能用于被动语态)，不定式要带to。1. Let those in need (understand) that we will go all out to help them. 【答案】understand
2、【解析】句意：让那些需要帮助的人们明白，我们会竭尽全力帮助他们的。let后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，意为“让某人做某事”。2. The director had her assistant _ (pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting. 【答案】understand【解析】句意：have在此是使役动词，后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，意为“让某人做某事”。2动词advise, allow, ask, beg, believe, consider, declare, discover, drive, encourage, expect, forbid
3、, force, get, imagine, intend, invite, judge, know, order, permit, persuade, prove, require, suppose, teach, tell, think, want, warn, wish, understand等接带to的不定式作补语；help后跟不定式作宾补时，可带to也可不带。1. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _ (stay) and watch. （2018全国III）【答案】to stay【解析】句意：一旦他发出信息，就会允许我等待并
4、观看。Allow后接不定式作宾语补足语。allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”。2. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required _ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. （2017全国I）【答案】to process【解析】句意：脂肪和盐是饮食中很重要的部分。需要它们对我们吃进的食物进行加工、伤口愈合，对我们身体其他功能也很重要。Re
5、quire后接不定式作宾语补足语，变成被动语态后，不定式作了主语补足语。3. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasnt allowed _ (go) into the sports club. 【答案】to go【解析】句意：因为杰克把会员卡忘在家了，所以他没有被允许进入体育俱乐部。wasnt allowed是被动语态，后应接不定式作主语补足语。3感官动词跟现在分词作补语，表示动作的进行状态，跟不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程。1. Listening to music at home is one thing, but going t
6、o hear it _ (perform) live is quite another. 【答案】being performed【解析】句意：在家听音乐是一回事，但是去现场听演凑又是另一回事。hear后接不带to的不定式或分词作宾语补足语，这里表示正在进行的动作，且it(指music)与perform之间是被动关系，故用现在分词的被动式。2. Last Tuesday afternoon, while he was cleaning the park, suddenly he heard a woman _ (cry) for help.【答案】crying【解析】句意：上周二下午，他正在打扫
7、公园，突然听到一个妇女在喊救命。hear后接不带to的不定式或分词作宾语补足语，这里表示正在进行的动作，故用现在分词。4现在分词作补语，常表示动作正在进行或表示一个主动的动作；过去分词作补语，常表示动作已经完成或表示被动。不定式作补语常常表示将来的动作。1. The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ (develop) after great effort. 【答案】developed【解析】句意：看到经过艰苦努力后很多新产品被开发出来，经理很满意。非谓语动词作宾语补足语，与逻辑主语products是被动关系，且表示完成，故用过去
8、分词。2. When we saw the road _ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 【答案】blocked【解析】句意：当看到路被积雪封堵，我们决定在家度假。非谓语动词作宾语补足语，逻辑主语road与block是被动关系，且表示完成，故用过去分词。3. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ (remind) of his own dreams. 【答案】reminded【解析】句意：迈克尔在床边贴了一
9、张姚明的画像，以提醒自己的梦想。分词作宾语补足语，逻辑主语himself与remind是被动关系，故用过去分词。5have用作使役动词，后可接不带to的不定式，也可接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，应注意它们表达的不同含义：have sb do sth表示“使某人做”，have sb /sth doing表示“使处于状态”，have sth done表示“让他人做”或“使遭受”。get sth done也有这个用法。1. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_ (take). 【答案】taken【解析】句意：我需要新护
10、照，所以我得照几张相。have sth done意为“让他人做某事”。2. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _ (wash). 【答案】washed【解析】句意：在驶入城区之前，要求你把车洗了。your car和wash是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。3. Claire had her luggage _ (check) an hour before her plane left. 【答案】checked【解析】句意：克莱尔在飞机起飞前一小时对行李进行了安检。have sth done意为“让他人做某
11、事”。这里是工作人员检查行李。6在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，常对作宾语补足语的非谓语动词形式进行考查。非谓语动词表示主动或进行时，用现在分词，表示被动或完成时，用过去分词，表示将来时，用不定式。1. Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_ (go) on.【答案】going【解析】句意：噪音响着，我没法做作业。这里是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，应用非谓语动词；这里表示动作正在进行，故用现在分词。2. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their p
12、et dog _ (follow) them. 【答案】following【解析】句意：老两口晚饭后经常散步，他们的宠物狗跟着。这里是“with+宾语+宾补”结构，their pet dog与follow是主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。III. 变名词空格处提示词是动词，而空格处作宾语，没有动作的特征，则将给出的动词变成名词填入空格。说到名词，就必须考虑单复数，如果动词变成的名词是可数名词，则填入复数，如果是不可数名词，直接填入相应的名词形式。这一考点不可数名词居多。1. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported in
13、creases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _ (believe) that populations are increasing. (2019全国I)【答案】belief【解析】句意：最近几年，努纳武特地区的因纽特人报告称在人类居住区看到北极熊的次数在增加，导致人们认为北极熊的数量在增加。空格前有不定冠词a，故应填入单数名词；believe的名词形式为belief。2. When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and le
14、t us know of an interesting _(compete) to watch，together with the story behind it. (2019全国III)【答案】competition【解析】句意：他们工作之余邀请我们去参加当地的活动，让我们观赏一项有趣的比赛，了解比赛及其背后的故事。Interesting是形容词，后应接名词；compete的名词形式是competition，由前面的不定冠词an可确定名词用单数。3. Other American studies showed no _ (connect) between uniforms and schoo
15、l performance. (2019浙江)【答案】connection(s)【解析】句意：美国其他研究表明，校服和学校表现之间没有联系。connect是可数名词，形容词no后可数名词既可以用单数，也可以用复数，故填入connection或connections均可。4. This switch has decreased_ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. （2018全国II）【答案】pollution【解析】句意：这一转换减少了国家主要湖泊和水库的污染，并使饮用水更安全。作谓语has decreased的宾语，应用名词；pollute的名词形式是pollution。5
