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1、高考英语语法填空考点讲解与真题分析专题20动词(五)非谓语动词(三)4. 作表语 不定式、动名词和分词都可以作表语。不定式作表语通常说明或解释主语的内容;动名词表示主语的职业、身份等;现在分词和过去分词都能作表语,如果分词与主语之间是主动关系,就用现在分词,如果是被动关系,就用过去分词。分词作表语是考查的重点,同学们重点记住surprise,interest,excite,puzzle,disappoint,astonish,amaze, bore, encourage,inspire,shock,move, tire, challenge, touch等这类动词,它们表示事物的特征时,用现在
2、分词,表示人的特征、状态时,用过去分词。1. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got _ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. (2017浙江)【答案】swept【解析】句意:Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能是扫进了厨房的垃圾堆,后又到了花园
3、,直到胡萝卜的叶子穿过戒指长了出来。这里的get是系动词,后接表语;逻辑主语the ring与sweep是被动关系,故填过去分词,sweep是不规则动词,其过去分词是swept。2. Do you find yourself getting impatient or _ (annoy) with people over unimportant things? (2016上海)【答案】annoyed【解析】句意:你发现自己和别人因为点小事而变得没有耐心或烦躁不安吗?这里的get是系动词,后接表语;这里说明人的心理感受,应用过去分词。3. There were many people waitin
4、g at the bus stop, andsome of them looked very anxious and _ (disappoint). (2014全国II)【答案】disappointed【解析】句意:很多人在车站等车,有些人看上去非常着急和失望。这里指人的心里状态,应用过去分词,表示“失望的”。4. These lower groups do the harder, more _ (bore) jobs that are needed in society.【答案】boring【解析】句意:这些更低层的人们做着社会所需要的更艰苦、更乏味的工作。这里指job的情况,应用现在分词,
5、boring表示“使人感到无聊的”。5. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _(stick)abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.【答案】stuck【解析】句意:remain在此是系动词,后接分词作表语。逻辑主语holidaymakers和stick是被动关系,故用过去分词,表示状态。remain作不及物动词时,后接不定式。6. Her dream is _ (help) researchers to find a method for her disease. 【答案】to help【解析】句意:她
6、的梦想是帮助研究人员找到治愈她疾病的方法。表语是说明主语dream的内容,故用不定式。5. 作状语非谓语动词作状语是历年高考考查非谓语动词的重中之重,同学们应予以高度重视。不定式和分词都能作状语。首先判断用不定式还是分词,然后根据非谓语动词的逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致的原则判断不定式用主动式还是被动式,分词用现在分词还是过去分词。1)分词作状语分词主要作时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、方式、结果等状语。1. On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautifu
7、l farm on the North Shore under the stars, _(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. (2019全国III)【答案】listening【解析】句意:我们在那里待了一周,在最后一天,我们被邀请去参加在夏威夷北岸一个美丽的农场举办的露天私人音乐会,听艺术家们表演,会见有趣的当地人。这里作伴随状语,应用分词;逻辑主语与listen之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。2. Nervously _ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself t
8、he two simple words “Be yourself”. (2019北京)【答案】facing【解析】句意:在紧张面对挑战的时候,我知道我会小声对自己说出这两个简单的字“Be yourself(做你自己)”。这里,逗号后面是一个完整的句子,所以前面只能是一个短语,应用非谓语动词。作时间状语,应用分词,逻辑主语I与face之间是主动关系,故用现在分词facing。3. People probably cooked their food in large pots,_ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. (2016全国III)【答案】using【解析】句意:人
9、们可能用大锅做饭,用树枝把饭弄出来。这里是方式状语,应用分词;逻辑主语people和use是主动关系,故用现在分词。4. _ (wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. (2016上海)【答案】Wondering【解析】句意:想弄清楚妈妈是怎样这么快就把它们(食品杂货)用完了,我开始用两周时间观察她的日常行踪。这里作原因状语,应用分词;逻辑主语I与wonder是主动关系,故填现在分词Wondering。注意句首首字母大写。5. “In
10、the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always _ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today. (2013广东)【答案】thinking【解析】句意:一开始,世界上只有一点点不公平,但是每一个人加上一点,总认为量很小,关系不大,现在看看我们到了怎样的境地。这里作伴随状语,应用
11、分词;逻辑主语everyone与think之间是主动关系,故填现在分词thinking。6. Ordinary soap, _ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 【答案】used【解析】句意:如果使用得当,普通肥皂也可以有效除菌。这里作条件状语,应用分词;逻辑主语soap与use之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。7. Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod, _ (exceed) theexpectednumber of 12,000 heldbymarketanalysts
12、. 【答案】exceeding【解析】句意:这一阶段创造了大约一万三千五百给新就业岗位,超过了市场分析预计的一万两千个。这里是结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,应用分词;exceed与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。8. _ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. 【答案】Ordered【解析】句意:书是一个星期前订的,所以随时会到。这里作原因状语,应用分词;逻辑主语books与order之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。注意句首首字母要大写。注意:有时,为了使非谓语动词表达的意义更加明确,在
13、非谓语动词前加必要的连词。这种现象也可看做是状语从句的省略。如:1. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while_ (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. (2018全国II)【答案】feeding【解析】句意:中国在养活了国民的同时还保护了环境的方法为全世界农业和食品政策的制定者提供了有益的经验。这里是时间状语,应用分词;逻辑主语China与feed之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。也可以看作是状
14、语从句while it is feeding its citizens的省略,状语从句的主语和句子的主语相同时,状语从句的主语可以省略,同时省略助动词。2. If _ (accept) for the job, youll be informed soon. 【答案】accepted【解析】句意:如果我们接受你做这个工作,我们会很快通知你的。这里作条件状语,应用分词;逻辑主语you与accept之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。3. Film has a much shorter history, especially when (compare) to such art forms as mus
15、ic and painting. 【答案】compared【解析】句意:电影的历史更短,尤其是与音乐和绘画这类艺术形式相比较的时候。分词作时间状语,逻辑主语film与compare之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。2)不定式作状语不定式主要作目的和结果状语。分词和不定式都可作结果状语,分词则表示自然的结果,不定式表示意想不到的结果。1. You dont have to run fast or for long _ (see) the benefit. (2018全国I)【答案】to see【解析】句意:你不必跑的很快或跑很长时间来验证跑步的好处。这里是目的状语,应用不定式。 2. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice_ (improve) water quality. (2018全国II)【答案】to improve【解析】句意:为了改善水质,政府鼓励农民多种玉米,少种水稻。这里是目的状语,应