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1、名校老师的英语语法汇总算并列人称代词的排列顺序1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称 - 第三人称 - 第一人称you - he/she; it - IYou, he and I should return on time.2) 复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称 - 第二人称 - 第三人称we - you - They注意: 在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面。a. 在承认错误,承担责任时,It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。b. 在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称, 如:I and you try t
2、o finishit.c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时,d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。2 物主代词1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用例如:John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。物主代词有形容词性(my, your 等)和名词性(mine, yours 等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 -s 属格结构,例如:Jacks cap 意为 The cap is Jac
3、ks.His cap 意为 The cap is his.2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能a. 作主语,例如:May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。b. 作宾语,例如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。c. 作介词宾语,例如:Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours. 你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的
4、意义去解释。d. 作主语补语,例如:The life I have is yours. Its yours. Its yours. 我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。3 双重所有格物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which 等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。公式为:a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如:a friend of mine.each brother of his.4 反身代词1) 列表
5、I-myselfwe-ourselvesyou-yourselfyou-yourselvesshe-herselfhe-himselfthey-themselves2)做宾语a. 有些动词需有反身代词absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心 Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词take pride in, be an
6、noyed with, help oneself to sth.I could not dress (myself) up at that time.那个时候我不能打扮我自己注:有些动词后不跟反身代词, get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up 等。 Please sit down. 请坐3) 作表语; 同位语be oneself: I am not myself today.我今天不舒服The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要4) 在不强调的情况下,but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格
7、均可如:No one but myself (me) is hurt.注意:a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。(错) Myself drove the car.(对) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。b. 但在 and, or, nor 连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是 myself 作主语。Charles and myself saw it.5)第二人称作宾语,要用反身代词You should be proud of yourself.你应为自己感到骄傲5 相互代词1)相互代词只有 each other 和 one another 两个词组他们表示
8、句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的例如:It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other. 显而易见,不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的2) 相互代词的句法功能:a. 作动词宾语;People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。b. 可作介词宾语;Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other. 吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。说明:传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用 each
9、 other, 存在于两个以上人和物之间用 one another。现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例也很多,例如: He put all the books beside each other.他把所有书并列摆放起来。He put all the books beside one another.他把所有书并列摆放起来。Usually these small groups were independent of each other.这些小团体通常是相互独立的。c. 相互代词可加-s 构成所有格,例如:The students borrowed each others notes.学生们互借笔
10、记。6 指示代词1) 指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词例如:单数复数限定词:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.代词: This is Mary. Those are my teachers.2) 指示代词的句法功能a. 作主语This is the way to do it.这事儿就该这样做b. 作宾语I like this better than that.我喜欢这个甚至那个c. 作主语补语My point is this.我的观点就是如此d. 作介词宾语I d
11、ont say no to that.我并未拒绝那个There is no fear of that.那并不可怕说明 1:指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如:(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。( that 作主语,指人)(对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this 作限定词)(错)He is going to marry this. (this 作宾语时不能指人)(对)I bought this. 我买这个。(this 指物,可作宾语)说明 2:That 和 those
12、可作定语从句的先行词,但 this 和 these 不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有 those 可指人,试比较:(对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赏外表漂亮的东西。(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those 指人)(错) He admired that who danced well. (that 作宾语时不能指人)(对) He admired those who danced well. 他赏跳舞好的人。(those 指人)(对) He admired tho
13、se which looked beautiful. 他赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those 指物 )7 关系代词1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。(该句中 whom 既代表先行词 the girl,又在从句中作介词 to 的宾语。)2) 关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中,that 可指人也可指物见表:限定性 非限定性限定性指 人 指物 指人或指物主 格 who which that宾 格 whomthat that属 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose例如:This is the pencil whose point is broken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。 (which 指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略 )3) 关系代词 which 的先行词可以是一个句子,例如:He said he saw me there,