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1、Module 3 Literature（一）The works of Shakespeare and Wordsworth are “rocket-boosters” to the brain and better therapy than self-help books, researchers will say this week. Scientists, psychologists and English academics at Liverpool University have found that reading the works of the Bard and other cl
2、assical writers has a beneficial effect on the mind, catches the readers attention and triggers moments of self-reflection.Using scanners, they monitored the brain activity of volunteers as they read works by William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, T. S. Eliot and others.They then “translated” the
3、texts into more “straight- forward”, modern language and again monitored the readers brains as they read the words.Scans showed that the more “challenging” prose and poetry set off far more electrical activity in the brain than the more pedestrian versions.Scientists were able to study the brain act
4、ivity as it responded to each word and record how it “lit up” as the readers encountered unusual words, surprising phrases or difficult sentence structure.This “lighting up” of the mind lasts longer than the initial electrical spark, shifting the brain to a higher gear, encouraging further reading.T
5、he research also found that reading poetry, in particular, increases activity in the right hemisphere of the brain, an area concerned with “auto- biographical memory”, helping the reader to reflect on and reappraise their own experiences in light of what they have read. The academics said this meant
6、 the classics were more useful than self-help books.Philip Davis, an English professor who has worked on the study with the universitys magnetic resonance centre, will tell a conference this week: “Serious literature acts like a rocket-booster to the brain.”The research shows the power of literature
7、 to shift mental pathways, to create new thoughts, and connec- tions in the young and the staid alike.”本周将发布的一项研究揭示，阅读莎士比亚与华兹华斯的作品好比大脑的“火箭助推器”，比读一些自助书籍还要管用。来自利物浦大学的科学家、心理学家和英文教授发现，阅读莎士比亚及其他古典作家的作品对心智发展大有裨益，这些作品能够抓住读者的注意力，引发读者的自我反思。通过使用扫描仪，他们监测到接受实验的志愿者在阅读威廉莎士比亚、威廉华兹华斯、TS艾略特和其他作家的作品时的大脑活动。他们随后将这些文本“翻
8、译”为更为“通俗易懂”的现代语言，然后又对读者在阅读这些文字时的大脑活动进行了监测。经扫描发现，散文和诗歌越“具挑战性”，大脑中的电流活动就愈加频繁，而那些通俗化的版本则达不到这种效果。科学家们能够研究大脑对每一个词语作出反应时的活动，并记录下读者在遇到生僻词语、新奇短语或复杂的句子结构时大脑如何“被激活”。大脑的这一“激活”状态比最初的电火花持续时间更长，让大脑的转动更高速，鼓励读者继续往下阅读。研究还发现，阅读书籍，尤其是诗歌，可以增加与“自传体记忆”有关的大脑右半球的活动频率，有助于读者根据阅读内容对个人经历进行反思和重新评价。学者们表示，这意味着阅读古典作品比阅读自助类书籍更有帮助。和
9、利物浦大学的磁共振中心一同致力于此项研究的英文教授菲利普戴维斯本周将在一次会议上宣称：“严肃文学的作用相当于大脑的火箭助推器。”“研究显示，文学作品对年轻人和中老年人都能产生强大的力量，它可以转变思维方式，开拓新思路，引发新联想。”（二）MO Yan, winner of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature, does not consider himself to be a literary master.Speaking on his return from Stockholm, he told reporters: The title master ha
10、s an intrinsic meaning, and if someone calls me a literary master, I will think it may be disguised sarcasm, for I believe I am far from qualified for the title.When asked whether he will continue to be a storyteller, as he said in his speech in Stockholm, he said a good writer should commit himself
11、 to writing, instead of meetings and media interviews.The Nobel literature prize has been the kiss of death for some writers, Mo said yesterday, with many fail to continue to produce excellent work after winning the accolade.After the Nobel win, a writer can easily slip into a life that is occupied
12、by trivial matters, he said, adding that he hoped to avoid such a situation.Describing his trip as fruitful and eye-opening, he said he had a lot of plans for writing, but would take some time off to rest first. In his Storytellers lecture delivered at the Swedish Academy, Mo described himself as a
13、storyteller. Mos works include Red Sorghum, Frog and Big Breasts and Wide Hips, which have been translated into English, French, Swedish, Spanish, German, Italian and Japanese. 莫言，2012年诺贝尔文学奖得主，并不认为自己是一个“文学大师”。 在他从斯德哥尔摩返回时说，他告诉记者：“大师标签有一种内在意义，如果有人叫我文学大师，我将认为这可能是伪装的讽刺，因为我相信我离这个头衔还差得远。” 当被问到他是否将“继续做一个讲故事的人”时，正如他在斯德哥尔摩演讲时说的，他说一个好作家应该献身于写作，而不是会议和媒体采访。 诺贝尔文学奖对于一些作家来说一直是“死亡之吻”，莫言昨日表示，许多人在赢得赞誉之后无法继续创作出优秀的作品。 “获得诺贝尔奖后，一个作家很容易就陷入被琐事占据的生活中，”他说，补充道他希望避免这样的情况。 他描述他的旅行卓有成效和大开眼界，他说他有“很多计划”的写作，但首先会找一段时间去休息。 在他在瑞典皇家科学院发表的“讲故事的人”的演讲中，莫言将自己描述成一个讲故事的人。莫言的作品包括红高粱、蛙和丰乳肥臀，已经被翻译成英语、法语、瑞典语、西班牙语、德语、意大利语和日语。
