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1、.,Subjective Mood,虚拟语气,.,在条件从句中的用法,1） 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 2） 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。,.,真实条件句,真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 句型： 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题The volleyball matc
2、h will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意：1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。,
3、.,非真实条件句,.,1.与现在事实相反,条件从句: did / were 主句: would/should/could/might + do If they were here, they would help you. If we had time, we would go with you. 如果我是你，我会申请那份工作的。 If I were you , I would apply for the job. 即使我有钱，也不会买它。 Even if I had the money , I wouldnt buy it. 要是你知道谁打破了玻璃，你会怎么办？ What would you
4、 do if you knew who broke the glass?,.,2.与过去事实相反,条件从句:had done 主句: would/should/could/might +have done If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. If he had come yesterday, I would have told him about it. 如果当时听了你的话，我就不会犯这样的错误了。 If I had taken you advice , I wouldnt have made such a mistake.
5、如果我再认真一点的话，我可以做的更好。 I could have done it better if I had been more careful. 如果他没生病，他昨晚可能回来的。 If he hadnt been ill, he might have come last night.,.,3.与将来事实相反,条件从句:did(were)/should do/were to do 主句: would/should/could/might + do If you succeeded/should succeed/were to succeed, everything would be all
6、 right. 如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。 If it rained tomorrow , I would stay at home. 要是我来做这件事，我会用另一种方法。 If I were to do it , I would do it in another way.,.,4.错综时间条件句,在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. If you had fo
7、llowed the doctors advice then, you would be all right now. 注：时间有时会省略,.,4.虚拟条件句的倒装,从句部分如果含有were, should,或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlie
8、r, you would have met him. 典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案C.,.,特殊的虚拟语气词：should,1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted；
9、 + (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strange,essential ,urgent,advisable,right,vital,a pity , a shame , no wonder(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.,.,特殊的虚拟语气词：should,2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句
10、中。 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.,.,特殊的虚拟语气词：should,注意： 如suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insist
11、ed that everybody obey the rules. 判断改错:You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. I insisted that you were wrong.,.,特殊的虚拟语气词：should,3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从
12、句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,.,wish,与现在事实相反 did/were Wish + 与过去事实相反 had done 与将来事实相反 would/could/should/might do I wish I were a bird. I wish I would go to France some day.
13、I wish I hadnt told him that yesterday. 我希望和你一样高。 I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 I wish it would rain tomorrow.,.,It is (high) time that,It is (high/about) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed.It is time (that) we had breakfast. It is
14、 high time that the children should go to bed.,.,翻译练习,1.If he had known this would happen, （他当初也许会以不同方式行事）. 2.If I had remembered to close the window, （小偷就不会进来）. 3.I suggested he _ （使自己适应） his new conditions. 4. If you had_ ( 听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦） 5. It is suggested that the air conditioner _（要安装在窗户旁边）,.,翻译练习,1.he would have acted differently或He would have acted in a different way 2.the thief would not have got in 3.should adapt himself to 4. followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now. 5. is to be installed next to the window.,.,THE END,
