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1、2021届高考英语二轮复习微专题考点17 阅读理解之说明文 阅读理解说明文，是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，在结构上往往采用总分、递进等方式按一定的顺序（如时间、空间、从现象到本质）进行说明。最近五年，说明文的出现变化不大，一直很稳定，选材通常是各学科的前沿问题；高科技领域的科研成果；人们比较关心的社会问题；人文方面的经典。由于阅读理解题的设置采用渐进式，即由简到难的方式，因此说明文是高考试卷中阅读理解题中相对比较难的，通常后置。阅读理解试题的考点之一是考查学生对词汇和句式的掌握。说明文的词汇和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。词汇运用灵活，同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现，未列入考纲的
2、生词较多，通常达到了4-5%。不过考生可以通过说明文的语言特点来帮助理解语篇，例如，同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号（如破折号、冒号都有表示解释和说明）等。阅读理解说明文的设问主要主要以细节事实、主旨大意和猜测词义三方面问题为主。一、词义猜测类题型词义的猜测贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测。判断一个单词的意思不但离不开句子，而且还需要把句子放在上下文中，根据上下文提供的线索加以猜测。运用构词法,语境等推测关键词义。二、主旨大意类题型主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能
3、是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。怎样把握主旨大意题呢？通常有以下几种方法：可以通过阅读文章的标题或副标题、寻找文章的主题句 （2020 全国卷I，B） Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But bo
4、oks dont change, people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, its all about th
5、e present. Its about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningways A Moveable Feast. Published i
6、n 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazars Save Twilight
7、: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the highest currency a rea
8、der can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.24. Why does the author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B. Its a window to a whole new w
9、orld.C. Its a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding of oneself.25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?A. Its a brief account of a trip.B. Its about Hemingways life as a young man.C. Its a record of a historic event.D. Its about Hemingways friends in Paris
10、.26. What does the underlined word currency in paragraph 4 refer to?A. Debt B. Reward.C Allowance. D. Face value.27. What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He loves poetry. B. Hes an editor.C. Hes very ambitious. D. He teaches reading.【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和
11、益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is t
12、rue, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这
13、是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。【26题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线
14、词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortzars Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥科塔扎的拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。 （2019 全国卷I C） As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologieslik
15、e fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadenc
16、e(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, w
