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1、. . .初二年级英语动词不定式讲义和对应练习动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：1、把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will t
2、ake us half an hour. 2、用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容词for sbto do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. Itbe形容词of
3、 sbto do “It is stupid of you to write down everything”， the teacher says. 注意：在中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在中，常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is形容词t
4、o do句式 ，如：Its kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.It seems(appears)形容词to do It seemed impossible to save money. 3、带疑问词的不定式短语作主语How to solve the problem is hard for him. 二、用作表语动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的容、性质、特征，通常放在连系动词（主要是be动词）后。如：1.The best way to improve your Englis
5、h is to join an English club. 2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. 注意：不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。Our work is serving the people.三、用作宾语1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求、选择、同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望、决定、学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可、假装、知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望、想要、愿意(wish, want, would lik
6、e / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to visit Mexico2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介词结构on.可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?2)It gives advice on what
7、to do in lots of different situations. 注意：疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. 4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语，意思差别不太
8、大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.2)Im beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。3)I like to eat vegetables. 感知动词l
9、ike, love, know等一般不用进行时态。5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如：1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.2)I st
10、opped using them last year.及物动词+不定式一般形式：谓语动词(vt.)+不定式(作宾语)说 明want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) + to (do)(无)help(帮助)to可以省略begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大forget(忘记) /
11、remember(记得)/ like(总爱) 也可跟动名词,意义变化较大及物动词+疑问词+不定式： 谓语动词(vt.)+wh-疑问词+不定式 (作宾语)说明tell (告诉) / show (显示) / know (知道) / ask (问) / find out (发现) / understand (明白) / wonder(疑惑) / learn(学会) / forget(忘记) / remember(记得) / teach sb.(教某人) / discuss(商讨)what where+ how + to (do)whowhich不定式疑问形式还可以作句子的主语、表语等。四、用作定语
12、1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。如：1)I have so many chores to do today.2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. 3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.具体关系如下例子：The next train to arrive is from Washington. Do you have anything to be taken
13、 to your sister? Do you have anything to say on the question? Would you please give me some paper to write on? 不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系： (1)表示将来的动作（例）。 (2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例）。 (3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍用主动语态（例）；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态（例）。 2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, wa
14、y等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。如：1)He needs time to do homework2)Is that a good place to hang out？3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.3.在“there be.”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象，常用主动式。如：1)Theres just so much to see and do here.2). but there are still many things to do there.注意：1、记住下面的一些结构：被修饰部分
15、+ 不定式(作后置定语)汉 语 意 思a keyto lock the door锁门的钥匙a boxto hold these things装这些东西的箱子give her a bookto read给她一本书读Is there any(+名词/代词)to (do)?有要(做的)吗?Its timeto go.是走的时间了。Do you have any workto do?你有工作要做吗?Id like somethingto eat.我要点儿吃的。I have nothingto say.我没有话要说。Would you like somethingto drink?你要点儿喝的吗？2、在这种情况下,如果不定式动词是不及物动词,则后面必须加介词。如：They could not find a plac
