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1、PART5 状语从句.Introduction状语从句也是四级词汇和句法部分考查的重点之一，就状语从句而言，主要是根据主从句的关系判断连词的使用。因此，在准备状语从句时，主要任务是弄清楚各种状语从句的连词。 1时间状语从句的连词 表示时间的连词有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as，有些名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句，如the moment, the instant, each time，有些是固定句型如：no sooner than hardly/scarcely when。n a
2、s强调同时，也表示一边，一边，while表示主句动作发生在从句的过程之中，要求从句谓语动词为状态动词或持续性动词，when的使用则比较简单，相当于汉语的当时候。如： Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _ it comes to classroom tests. A.when B.since C.before D.aftern 四个选项都表示时间，但根据主从句间的关系可以判断答案 为A。 n 注意when的特殊句型 下列句型中when连接的不是时间状
3、语从句，但考试中却常与其它时间状语从句的连词一块出题。 were/was doing something when were/was about to do something when had just done something when n 四级考题中不乏对上述结构的考查，如： I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard voices. A.as B.when C.after D.while n I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to lea
4、ve _ something occurred which attracted my attention. A.unless B.until C.when D.whilen 注意no sooner than .和hardly/scarcely when句中的时态。n No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.n Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started. n 注意not until 中时间状语可以提前。如 :_ quite recently, most mo
5、thers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home. A.Before B.Until C.From D.Sincen 比较常见的提前方式是将not until.提至句首，后面用肯定形式，主谓倒装。本题可以改成，Not until quite recently did most mothers in Britain take paid work outside the home.这时，句子采用主谓倒装结构，应注意。 n 在对名词短语做连词引导时间状语从句时，常与名词构成的其它短语相区别。如： You see the lighteni
6、ng _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. A.the instant B.for an instant C.on the instant D.in an instant 能够引导时间状语从句的是名词the instant，而不是由其构成的介词短语。 n 注意含有时间状语从句的固定句型，如It wont be long before 和It is since两类句型。It wont be long before可以有三个变体，即：It was (not) + 一段时间 + before，It wont be + 一段时间+ before。n
7、 如95年6月就有对此的考查： Scientists say it may be five or ten years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A.since B.before C.after D.when 2原因状语从句的连词n 原因状语从句一般由because, since, as, now that, considering that, seeing that连接。对于表原因连词本身的区别考查相对较少，主要是与其它状语从句连词的对比。如：n _ you are leaving tomorrow, w
8、e can eat dinner together tonight. A.For B.Since C.Before D.While n _ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better. A.For B.Now C.Since D.Despite n 1) 从以上两题可以看出，首先，同学们要根据主从句的语意关系，确定是什么状语从句，然后在进行选择。n 2) 注意连词的结构，如2）为Now that的搭配。n 3) 注意for, because, since/as的区别。一般说来，for不表示原
9、因，其所连接的是并列句，是一种解释说明，尤其是当用结果来反证原因时。如： He must have experienced something very unpleasant, for he looks so upset. You must try to rid yourself of your carelessness, for it often leads to errors. n 4) 注意引导原因状语从句的还可以是considering/seeing that，其用法与since/as相同。如： Considering that he is only a beginner, it is
10、 understandable for him to make such mistakes. Seeing that you have come, you may as well stay here for a few days. 3条件状语从句的连词n 涉及到条件状语从句的考查题很多，如时态，虚拟语气等。但从状语从句的概念来讲，这里我们所说的是条件状语从句性质的判断和连词的选择。要求同学们首先能理解主从句之间的关系，确定是条件状语从句，然后在根据各连词的特点进行选择。如：n I am sure he is up to the job _ he would give his mind to i
11、t. A.if only B.in case C.until D.unlessn Well visit Europe next year _ we have enough money. A.lest B.until C.unless D.provided n _ he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment. A.As soon as B.As well as C.As far as D.So long as n 从以上考题来看，就条件状语从句而言，同学们应掌握以下几点： 1) unless与其它连词的差别，unless表
12、示的是If not 的意思。 2) if only或only if是一种强调的条件状语从句。根据if only 与unless肯定与否定条件的差别，可以判断题答案为A。 3) provided (that)表示唯一的条件，相当于if and only if，on condition that，如表示明年只要有钱，我们就去欧洲。 4) so/as long as表示条件时一般与其它类似短语一同考查，如，四个短语都可以连接状语从句，但表达意思有别，考试的目的就是考查同学们对句子的理解能力。 5) 另外注意，引导条件状语从句的还可以是suppose/supposing, in case, once等
13、。 4让步状语从句的连词n 引导让步状语从句的连词很多，但结构差别比较大，比较容易掌握，只要能掌握各连词的结构和语义特点，准确把握主从句的关系，让步状语从句则就不过是一块蛋糕。先看一下下列各题：n Ive already told you that Im going to buy it, _. A.however much it costs B.however does it cost much C.how much does it cost D.no matter how it costs n _, he does get annoyed with her sometimes. A.Alth
14、ough much he likes her B.Much although he likes her C.As he likes her much D.Much as he likes her n _ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately. A.Even if B.As far as C.If only D.So long as n _ their differences, the coup
15、le were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other. A.But for B.For all C.Above all D.Except for n 对让步状语从句的考查特点：一是让步状语从句与其它状语从句的对比，如，另一种是让步状语从句连词自身的结构功能，如两题。下面我们就一起来看让步状语从句的连词功能：n 1) although/though连接让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，从句用直陈语序，与汉语的结构类似。 n 2) as引导的让步状语从句要求用倒装结构，如题。可提至句首的有名词、原形动词、副词、形容词等。可数名词单数形式不用冠词。如： Child as he is, he behaves like a grown-up. Fail as he did, he was not disappointed at al
