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1、1现在分词和过去分词的区别：两种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是：1. 语态上不同： 现在分词在语态上表示主动； 而及物动词的过去分词表示被动。2. 时间关系上不同： 现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行；过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。细述如下： 一、分词作定语共同点：分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。不同点：分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一
2、般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。1. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定语、修饰 noise 的分词短语；再根据句意“一阵闪电之后，接着就是一声巨响。 ”可知，巨响应是主动，紧接在闪电之后的。因此，该题应选_?2. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.
3、 C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语；再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，该题应选 _?3. Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speaking B. spoken C. be sp
4、oken D. to speak简析：测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 which is spoken; 因此答案是_? 4. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语; 再看 people 和 invite to the party 是被动关系， 即被邀请来参加晚会的 人，等于定语从句 who were invited， 因此答案应该是_?5. Most
5、of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited26. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened7. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a for
6、eign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written二、分词作表语共同点：现在分词和过去分词作表语时，都起着形容词的作用。不同点：现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。1. This news sounds _.A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourages D. to e
7、ncourage2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems _ with his results.A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please3. -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very _.A .excite B. excited C .excitedly D .exciting三、分词作宾语补足语共同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。两种分词在复合宾语中作宾
8、语补足语时，都是对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。不同点：但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词 之前或同时发生。Eg: 1. The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying2. -Good morning. Can I help you?-Id like to have the package _, madam.A. be weighed B. to be weighed C
9、. to weigh D. weighed3. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face.A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move四、分词作状语共同点：过去分词和现在分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。一般都在句子中作3时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。不同点：但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之前发生。 Eg
10、: 1. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中应作状语；再根据 European football 对于 make 来说应是主动关系，即欧洲足球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此，该题应选 _?。2._ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving n
11、otC. Not having received D. Having not received3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added4. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed
12、D. and angrily pointing简析：测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词 angrily 进行干扰。 Mary 和 point 之间是主动关系， 因此答案该题应选_?More practice: 1. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. (90全国) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given. 2. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
13、 (93全国) A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 3. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (94全国) A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 4. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (96全国) A. Losing
14、B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 5. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. (00上海) A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 6. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. (02上海春) A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. t
15、o be completed 7. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. (02京皖春) 4A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 8. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _only to people with specific knowledge. (02上海) A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 9. Unless _ to speak,
