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1、虚 拟 语 气 第一节 语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。第二节 虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。第三节 虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)The
2、platform would collapse if all of you stood on it.假如你们都站在上面，这个平台就会塌下来的。主语+should,would,might,could动词原形如果鲁迅还活着，看到新中国的伟大成就他会多么高兴啊！与过去相反的假设If+主语+had +过去分词If the doctor had been available,the child would have been saved. 如果有医生在，这个小孩就会得救了。主语should, would, might, couldhave done如果飓风发生在白天，死亡的人数会更多。与将来相反的假设1
3、、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes if I were to go to the moon some day. 如果有一天我登上了月球，就能亲眼目睹月球的表面是什么样子了。主语should, would might, could动词原形如果明天是星期天，我就去看望我奶奶。NOTE：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的
4、时间作出相应的调整If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.第四节 虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用一、虚拟语气在主语从句中A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural)
5、that . ” 中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 （should可以省略）例如： Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial（关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），prefer
6、able（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/.that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。It is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/sugg
7、estion/surprise/advice that.句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于宾语从句用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。The teach
8、er suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means.他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱
9、三、用于表语从句和同位语从句在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should动词原形”should可以省略 My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。The suggestion that the mayor should present the pri
10、zes was accepted by everyone.每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。第五节 虚拟语气在其他从句中1. It is (high / about ) time that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形，should不能省略Its high time we went to the laboratory. 该是我们去实验室的时候了。2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊；但愿)；2.1 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。用过去时或would/could+动词原形表示；If only you listened to us!要是你听我们的话该多好啊！2.2
11、 与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时。例如：If only I had listened to the doctors advice! 我要是听了医生的话就好了。3. would rather，would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 从句 也常用虚拟语气，表示宁愿、但愿之意。这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望3.1 表示现在或将来的情况：在上述词后+主语+动词过去时。例如：I would rather you left today.我宁愿你今天走。I would sooner my daughter attended a
12、 public school. 但愿我的女儿能上公立学校。I would prefer he didnt stay here too long.我倒希望他不要在这儿待得太久。3.2 表示过去的情况，在上述词后+主语+动词过去完成时。例如：I would rather I hadnt seen that film yesterday.我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。4. as if ( as though) 看起来even if ( even though)即使 常用虚拟形式，其构成形式与wish后宾语从句里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同，表示与现在事实相反（从句意上判断），用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完
13、成式 (had done)，would/could +动词原形。例如：The football fans of act as if they were crazy. 那些足球迷们经常就像疯了似的。（act与were发生在同一时间平面上）He often talks about London as though he had been there. (had been there发生在talkes之前) 他常常谈起伦敦，就好像他去过那里似的。She often talks and talks as if she would never stop. (would never stop后于talks
14、 and talks 发生)她常常讲起来没完没了。5. 虚拟语气在in order that,so that,in case，lest，for fear that引导的目的状语从句中的应用，从句中的谓语动词用may(might)动词原形或should动词原形。在以lest引导的从句中，谓语动词用should动词原形。例如：He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. 他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。He
15、 put his coat over the child for fear that he (should) catch cold.他把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。6.wish 后面的宾语从句中， 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在过去时 (表示与主句的谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存在的与事实相反的愿望)I wish I were a bird. （were 与wish 发生在同一时间平面上）表过去过去完成时 （从句的谓语动词先于主句的谓语动词发生或存在，(that)+主语+had+动词的过去分词）I wish you had come to our Christmas party. 表将来would, might, could动词原形 （从句的谓语动词后于主句的谓语动词发生或存在）I wish that the rain could stop soon.虚拟语气专项练习1. Jack wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university.A. studie
