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1、动词不定式及其 -主动表被动用法,1,学习课堂,Grammar,一 动词不定式 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。,2,学习课堂,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient
2、not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,3,学习课堂,一般式：to be done, 完成式：to have been done。 只有及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语才有不定式的被动式。 e.g. He asked to be sent to work in that factory. They had been warned many times before they carried out the plan.,动词不定式被动式,(发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生),(发生在谓语动词之前),4,学习课堂,主动表被
3、动,5,学习课堂,谓语动词主动表被动 主动表被动 非谓语动词主动表被动,6,学习课堂,1. 有些不及物动词或短语,如 exist, appear, happen, occur, come true, take place, break out, run out, 等常以主动形式表被动意义。 我的钱用完了。(run out) 我实现了梦想。（come true）,My money has run out.,My dream has come true.,一、谓语动词主动表被动的四种情形,7,学习课堂,2. 感官动词(feel, look, seem, taste, sound),和一些连系动词(
4、如 remain, keep, stay, prove等）常以主动形式表示被动意义。,The water _ (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool. The ice-cream _ (taste) delicious.,felt,tastes,8,学习课堂,3. 当read, write, draw, wash, clean, burn, cook, cut, wear,sell等词与well, easily, quickly 等副词连用时,常用主动表被动。,9,学习课堂,The cloth washes well. The poem reads sm
5、oothly. The book sells well. This cheese doesnt cut easily. Its too soft. This shirt will wear very long. The floor doesnt clean easily. This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.,10,学习课堂,Questions:,1.When did the accident _? 交通事故是什么时候发生的？ 2. When did the war_? 战争是何时爆发的？ 3.Ice-cream always
6、 _ well in summer. 冰淇淋在夏天总是很好卖。,happen,break out,sells,11,学习课堂,4. The music _ beautiful. 音乐优美动听。 5. As time went on, Einsteins theory _ to be correct. 随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。 6. Good medicine _bitter!,sounds,proved,tastes,12,学习课堂,二、非谓语动词主动表被动的情况：,1. 不定式to blame, to let/rent, to hire, to seek用做表语时，通常
7、用主动表被动。Who is to blame? The house is to let.,(该怪谁呢？),(此屋出租。),13,学习课堂,2. 在“主语+be +形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常 The question is difficult to answer. Do you think the water is safe to drink? His writing is impossible to read. The strawberries are nice to eat. The man is hard to please. The room is expensive to
8、live in .,14,学习课堂,有时形容词后跟有名词，在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义： Its a difficult book to read. 那是一本难读的书。 It is a pleasant thing to remember. 这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。,15,学习课堂,3在there be结构中 例如：There is a lot of homework _ （do） There is nothing _ （worry about）,to do,to worry about,16,学习课堂,4.在“tooto ; enough to”结构中主动表被动。too
9、to也可用被动如： The problem is too difficult _ (work out) The house is big enough _ (live in).,to work out,to live in,17,学习课堂,5. 不定式用于某些动词的（have, have got, get, want, need）宾语后做后置定语时，主动表被动： e.g. I have some letters to write. I want something to drink. 不定式与所修饰的名词为被动的动宾关系，与句子的主语为主动的主谓关系时，不定式用主动表被动。,18,学习课堂,但
10、是注意： I have something to type. (我自己打) I have something to be typed. (请别人打) 所以：当不定式的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时就用主动表被动，若不一致，则需用被动表被动。I have a letter to post. (自己寄) I have a letter to be posted. (请别人寄),19,学习课堂,6. be worth/ need / want / require/deserve/bear +doing,主动表被动 In all, the book is worth reading. = is worth
11、y to be read. Such a man as Mr Smith is not worth helping. Such a man as Mr Smith is not worthy to be helped,20,学习课堂,The plants need wateringevery day . = need to be watered. The wall wants repairing =to be repaired. He is ill. He deserves sending to hospital. =to be sent to hospital.,21,学习课堂,7.不定式与
12、疑问词连用 e.g. Which movie to watch has not been decided yet. I dont know what to do next. 8. 在“with + 宾语 + to do”结构中。 例如：With nothing _ (do) ，he lay in bed With so many exercises _ (finish)， I cant go to the cinema,to do,to finish,22,学习课堂,1. 这些孩子需要细心照料。 2. 他不知道接下来要怎么表达自己。 3. 这个问题很好解决。,Excercise!,These
13、children need looking after carefully.,He didnt know how to express himself.,This problem is very easy to work out.,23,学习课堂,4. Im going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything _ to your parents? 5. I have a meeting to_ today. （今天我有一个会议要参加。） 6. Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter _ ? 7. There is nothing _ （worry about）. 8. The pen _ (write) smoothly. 9. He asked _(send) to the place where he was most needed.,to be taken,to be posted,attend,to worry about,writes,to be sent,24,学习课堂,Victory!,25,学习课堂,
