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1、College English Grammar: Grammar and Writing,1,Unit 1,Basic parts of a sentence (I) Grammar: 1. Subject and predicate 2Hard-to-find subjects Writing: Correcting: Sentence fragments Rewriting: Sentence combining strategies,2,Subject and predicate,A sentence is a group of words that expresses a comple
2、te thought. Every sentence has two basic parts, a subject and a predicate. The subject is the naming part of the sentence, representing the person, place, or thing that performs the action of the verb or expressing the condition or state of the verb.,3,Subjects are nouns and other forms that can fun
3、ction as nouns, such as pronouns, clauses, infinitives and gerunds. A subject usually comes first in a sentence. It is the topic about which the speaker or writer is speaking or writing. For example, 1) My grandfather bought the car many years ago. 2) The car was bought many years ago by my grandfat
4、her.,4,Fill in the blanks:1) My grandfather bought the car many years ago.2) The car was bought many years ago by my grandfather.,In my garage, there is an old car. _. It is a Cadillac, a very classical luxury car, manufactured in 1966. The car has 65.000 original miles on it, but sitting in a damp
5、garage for most of its life didnt do many favors for it.,5,Fill in the blanks:1) My grandfather bought the car many years ago.2) The car was bought many years ago by my grandfather.,In my garage, there is an old car. It is my grandfathers gift for my grandmother. _. In order to buy this car, my gran
6、dfather had been saving his money for quite a few years. He worked as a truck driver for a local grocery chain, and supported a big family on his salary. Needless to say, money was pretty hard to come by that time. According to my grandmother, at the end of the day he would come home and empty his s
7、pace change into a jar beside the bed. When the jar was full, he would take it to the band.,6,Predicates are verbs. A predicate is the doing or being part of the sentence, expressing the action or state of being of the subject. The predicate, often coming after the subject, is the semantic and gramm
8、atical center of a sentence. I bought a house for my parents. Some of the buried workers are still alive. The babies grew nervous from the loud noise.,7,A verb is often made up of more than one word. The verb that expresses the action or state of being of the subject is called main verb. The word th
9、at accompany the main verb is called an auxiliary/ helping verb, which helps the main verb express mood or time by forming various tenses. George must be playing basketball with them now. The thief has been caught in a deserted building.,8,Auxiliary /helping verbs can not be used alone in a sentence
10、. It must go together with main verbs. Correct the following sentences： Tomorrow will surely better. Our campus will more and more beautiful. When you opened the window, the room would immediately bright.,9,Verb can be classified into two: action verbs and linking verbs. An action verb expresses an
11、action, such as do, act, make, walk, take, break, react, write, see, say, buy, build and so on. A linking verb links/joins the subject of a sentence (often a noun or a pronoun) with a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective that identifies or describes the subject. It does not show action, but express the
12、existence or state of being of the subject.,10,A noun, a pronoun or an adjective that follows a linking verb is called a predictive, which points back to the subject to rename it, to identify it or to describe it further. There are eleven linking verbs which are most frequently used. We can briefly
13、put them into three groups. expressing judgment or change: be, get, turn, prove indicating five senses of humans: look, feel, smell, taste, sound some others, “GRABS”: grow, remain, appear, become, seem,11,Examples： For years her grandfather was one of the town leaders. My coat seemed too large. Pin
14、eapple sometimes tastes better with salt. Most students feel disappointed with the result. The time of his birth remains a mystery to us.,12,Locating the Subject and Verb,Forest fires are often caused by broken glass. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. A woman you kno
15、w well will rush towards you. Each of the students requested more homework. The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave. It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out. To their surprise, the precious
16、parcel was full of stones and sand! Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.,13,2. Hard-to-find subjects,1. There/Here be Most frequently, a subject comes first in a sentence and usually goes before a predicate. However, sentences can be built so that the predicate comes before the subject. One way to make such a sentence is to begin a sentence with there or here. Notice
