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1、专题十一 动词的时态 若句 中有标志词，则可以直接确定句子的时态； 若没有标 志词，则需要根据上下文确定时态。,动词的五种基本形式变化表 动词原形、第三人称单 数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。具体变化规则如 下表： 1. ing/ed/比较/有双写 2. es /ed/比较/有改y,2. 常见六种时态的构成及用法 一般现在时 结构：主语+谓语 注： 只有一般现在时，主语第三人称单数，谓语动词加s/es havehas gogoes dodoes 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态, 常用时间状语有：always, usually,often, sometimes,never, twice a mo
2、nth, on Sundays, every day/week/month/year(every 系列)等。如： Jim always helps me with my math. 吉姆总是帮我学数学。 表示客观事实和真理。如： The moon moves around the earth,（2）一般过去时 结构 主语+谓语（过去式+ed） 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间状语有：just now， a moment ago， yesterday， in the past， in+过去的年份, last night/Sunday/week/ month （last 系列）等。如： I
3、 called my father just now. 我刚才给我爸爸打电话了。 When I was in the countryside, I often walked to school.,（3）一般将来时 结构：1）will+动词原形 will用于各种人称will not=wont 2） shall+动词原形 shall用于第一人称I we，特别是疑问句, 3） be(amisare) going to + 动词原形 表示计划，安排将要发生的事 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用时间状语有：tomorrow, soon, later, in the future, next week
4、/month/year/， in a few days/months/years/等。如： Linda will come to Kunming tomorrow. 琳达明天将来昆明。 I am going to give a speech next Monday.,（4）现在进行时 结构：构成:am is are + 动词ing现在分词 表示现在此刻或现阶段正在发生的动作，常用时间状语有：now， right now， at the moment， at present，look， listen ， keep quiet, Dont make noise， this/these+表示一段时间
5、的名词，等连用 Tony is doing his homework now. All the students in Class Three are studying hard this term. 现在进行时表示将来 fly，come, go,plan， start, leave, meet, move 等， Im leaving the day after tomorrow.,（5）过去进行时 结构：过去进行时的用法 was (were) + 动词ing现在分词 表示过去某个时刻或某一段正在进行的动作。常用时间状语有：at that time/ moment, at this time
6、yesterday, at nine last night, then， all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening等。 My mother was watering flowers in the garden at this time yesterday. What were you doing from 5：00 to 6：00 yesterday afternoon?,（6）现在完成时 结构：have/has+过去分词 表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果.常用时间状语有：already, yet, just, so far
7、，in the past few year ,recently，so far ,since 1999, for two days。如： I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了。 since 1996（since系列）， for ten years（for 系列）等。 miss White has lived in this city for 5 years, have/has been to 表示去过（去了又回来了） have/has gone to 表示去过（去了没回来了） have/has gone in 表示“一直在某地呆着” 如：
8、Where has she gone? (句中所指的人不在) Where has she been? (句中所指的人在) 1）A：Where have you been? 你刚才到哪儿去了？ B：Ive been to the library.我到图书馆去了？ 2）A：Where is Liu Mei? B: She has gone to the park. since引导从句，从句一般过去时，主句用现在完成时态 Mr Li has worked in the school since he came here. Liu Yiting has changed a lot since she
9、entered Harvard University,在有for , since, how long , while, till , until , 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用时要以它表示状态的词连用。 常见的瞬间动词转变为延续性动词（be+介词/ be+形容词） 形式如下： begin-be on end-be over die-be dead buy-have come-be go-be borrow-keep join-be-in leave-be away(from) get to know-know catch a cold-have a cold close-be
10、closed fall ill- be ill marry-be married He has died for 3 years.(F) He has been dead for 3 years.(T) Ive left this school for eight years.（） Ive been away from this school for eight years.（）,注意：always, usually, often, sometimes, never 等频度副词既可用于一般现在时，又可用于一般过去时 The girl is never late for school. 这个女孩
11、上学从不迟到。 When my mother was young， she was never late for school. 在我妈妈小的时候，她上学从不迟到。,3. 动词时态的五大解题技巧 (1)根据时间状语或标志词确定时态。 Look! A beautiful girl_ an old lady cross the street. A. helps B. helped C. is helping D. was helping,【基础攻关】 1. What did you do last weekend? I _ to the childrens home to teach them E
12、nglish. A. go B. will go C. am going D. went 2. Some exchange students _ with their host families at this time yesterday. A. are chatting B. will chat C. were chatting D. have chatted 3. Lucy， is your uncle a teacher？ Yes， he is. He _ history for nearly 20 years. A. teaches B. has taught C. is teach
13、ing D. will teach,D,C,B,（2）复合句中，根据连词确定时态。 根据主从句时态呼应的原则确定正确的时态。 “主将从现”原则。 由when, after, before, until, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句 由 if, unless ，as long as 引导的条件状语从句，主句将来时,从句要用一般现在时。 My grandfather will go for a walk if he _ nothing special to do after supper. A. has B. had C. will have D. has had,在含有“sinc
14、e从句”的主从复合句中，若从句使用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时。 现在完成时+Since+一般过去时 My sister _ in this school since she graduated from Beijing Normal University. A. works B. will work C. has worked D. is working,【基础攻关】 4. Since we began to use the Internet, our lives _ a lot. A. change B. had changed C. will change D. have change
15、d 5. I will send you an e-mail as soon as I _ in Shanghai. Thats great. Have a good trip! A. arrived B. arrive C. will arrive D. have arrived,D,B,(3)根据题干语境，结合实际情况确定时态。 5. This is Larry. May I speak to Bob? Sorry, he cant answer the phone right now. He_ a shower. A. takes B. too C. is taking D. was taking 6. Linda, come here and help me do some washing. Wait a minute, mum. I _ C _my homework. A. was doing B. do C. am doing D. have done 7. Simon looks worried because he _B_ a writing competition and now hes waiting for the result. A. enters
