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1、The Attributive Clause,定语从句,知识准备,什么是定语： 用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。 .,4.定语 修饰和限定名词和代词的词。通常由形容词，代词(多为形容词性物主代词），数词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词和从句（定语从句）来担当。 a kind girl, a book on the desk I have homework to finish. the fallen leaves the boy who is very smart,基本结构,He was holding onto a tree that grew against the wall.,主句: He
2、 was holding onto a tree. 从句：A tree grew against the wall.,还原,定语从句相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。 1. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 2. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：who, whom(作宾语成分）, whose, that, which 关系副词：when（时间）, where（地点）,why（原因）,名词/代词 + 定语从句,关系代词和关系副词的作用： 1、引导作用 2、替代作用 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用 Eg: 1.Those who want to go please
3、should be ready. 2. Bill, who was my student , asked me questions.,关系词引导定语从句，同时指代先行词在 定语从句中充当的成分 所以先行词在定语从句中不再出现,也不用其他词代替,Bill is a boy who I teach him.,关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。不能省略. 关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词结构。 1、When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。 He told me the date when(on which) he joined the Party. 2、Where指地点
4、，在定语从句中充当地点状语。 This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ago. 3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。 I know the reason why(for which) she was so angry.,1.This is the park (that )we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday party. 2.She wont forget the days (that )she spent on the islan
5、d. She wont forget the days when they stayed together.,关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。,同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when， 有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一：先行词在从句中所作成分；二：是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。,（1）This is the factory _ I visited last year. （2）This is the factory _ I worked last year. （3）
6、This is the factory _ produces all kinds of TV sets.,用关系副词和关系代词,where B. which C. whom D. whose 以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：做这种题时，要通过还原先行词,看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分； 1）中是动宾关系，即I visited the factory.因此选which 2）中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：I worked in the factory，因此选where。 3）中是作定语从句中的主语，即: the factory produces all kinds 不作
7、地点状语，因此选which,A,B,B,(1)Hangzhou is the place _ I went last summer. 2) He read the book _ his sister had told him about. 3) The reason _ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam. 4) I remember the day _ my father died. I was only ten years old at that time. 5) Please give me the reason _ you were
8、 late this time. 6) I will go back to the place _ I grew up and live there forever.,Why/ for which,where,which/that/ x,When/on which,why,Where/in which,二.关系代词前介词的确定,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：,This is the car _which I bought last year.,This is the car _which I paid 100$. This is the car _which I spent 1
9、00$. This is the car _which I go to work every day. This is the car _ which I cant go to work. This is the car _which the old man was knocked down This is the car _which a boy threw a stone. This is the car _which we talked . This is the car _which the window was broken,/,for,on,in,without,by,at,abo
10、ut,of,2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms with which Im not familiar. 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.,The book _ I heard was written 20 years ago. The people _ the man spoke werent listening. The film _ I fell asleep
11、 was very boring. The pen _ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum. The little creature _ scientists are interested is known as ET. The gun _ he was shot was never found.,of which,to whom,in which,with which,in which,by which,三.Whose引起从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，即 the+ n + of +which/whom 如： e.g. The
12、y live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.,四.限制和非限制性定语从句:restrictive attributive clause(无逗号)non- restrictive attributive clause(有逗号),. Xi hua who I met across in the street
13、 a few days ago has gone abroad. Xi hua ,who I met across in the street a few days ago has gone abroad.,五.一般说来,定语从句总是紧跟在先行词的后面,但有时候定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开来,这样的句子叫分隔定语从句. There are thousands of stars in the sky that are like our sun. The days are gone when we suffered so much. Carl still remembers one aft
14、ernoon in his first year when the professor took the students to the chemistry lab.,六、由as引导的定语从句,as可作为关系代词来引导定语从句。 such as“像一样的”，“像之类” the sameas“和同样的 在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，其中such e.g. Who is the man that is crying? 6.关系代词在从句中做表语，用 that. He doesn seem to the man (that)he was. 7.在 there be结构中用 that There i
15、s a new type of shoes that youmight be fond of,This is the house in which Luxun once lived. in that,The Changjiang River, which is the longest river in China, runs from west to east into the sea. (that),* 介词后面和逗号后面不用that,二.以下情况常用which而不用that,(3）先行词是指物的that,those She found that which he looked for.,(
16、2)引导非限制性定语从句时,(1)关系代词作介词宾语时,1.Anyone who breaks the law is punished. 2.Those who break the law are punished. 3.He who breaks the law is punished. 4.He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.,三 在, anyone, those, he,that,you,they 作先行词时(指人）, 用”who” 不用 “that”.,1. Which.as引导非限定语从句的不同： as引导非限定语从句可以放在句首，句中，或主句后面； which引导非限定语从句放
