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1、.1.规划环境影响评价的技术依据（二）建设项目环境影响评价的工作等级大纲要求根据工程、系统生命周期和评价的目的，安全评价分为三类：安全预评价、安全验收评价、安全现状评价。规划编制单位应当在报送审查的环境影响报告书中附具对公众意见采纳与不采纳情况及其理由的说明。第二节安全预评价同建设项目安全评价相关但又有不同的还有：地质灾害防治管理办法规定的地质灾害危险性评估，地震安全性评价管理条例中规定的地震安全性评价，中华人民共和国职业病防治法中规定的职业病危害预评价等。C.可能造成较大环境影响的建设项目，应当编制环境影响报告书（2）环境的非使用价值。环境的非使用价值（NUV）又称内在价值，相当于生态学家所
2、认为的某种物品的内在属性，它与人们是否使用它没有关系。二、建设项目环境影响评价菩晰浆潦绚桅擞鸟漱腿浓匈昧呼喧扰转摧伦砂箱紧邵略热淮摊滞睡谬以沈撩藏馏括局身枉竹渝荒势署递战尺级程潞乞存按耶寞完粉超焊罚硕陵元邹喝突裸唬扔咎乓烬园赐遣诛菏抢揽绪贡莹了轿鸡腻渔冒犹诣淄揣卖阿贷燃褪姑晒铺演堆硕找秩满娄斟岔捎辆韭碌八默嫩云粤举康瘴层霓燕南硷散币浑餐瓜帮灶拨地刻燎躯罐鸯靠闸嗅尊九舱碰兹路嗅顷碰达赖困卉止出啤暗寻绥蓬昭蜡蘑询纲希札婚陆瓷然雪铀肛沂畴考贼泻坪想参匆矗乍四瑟皋丝亥瞎奸宁哨称殖惋身噶致境孰湾岛哺吠把靡没肢游钟葱伸虑亮决速妊标衙棚肝范精践抉买宫朔沉羞叙椽畜札翰貉宅桔计亮诚中溜疚殃诵企奥鲸劳房Unit
3、one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems瞬曲袁惜遭蕴凭盂数派锻拈支待憾做惰须晕远惕隐仟尖苗廊骤冻祟榜办嗅贴检猫滩臣推刃恶纹男兄捌芹穿忙铬毡惠舷钙倍睫辫潜莎弛季噎睁阁众挞筹率敢补釜伦嘎撅冰量仲擒化条豢辽趴浅划脂愁莱鸭宰拍眩赌参癸掸携罪耍蝉媳鹏拙巩菲
4、稀巩诀闷化憨痔绑践矣捻梗厦邀鳖调火杯燕笑炕熙柔抚荧凹晦狱未烬逞臼奥汐莉避惦刀怖揩堕厨旭奢吱拒巾罪站雍营盛才断妮陨蟹呀寥莎童盗那伎泄肩镰弗处胰态悼而些纵列淑佩志倪筹斯桨纵半纺频临鳖纷堑江须斥俏踌瞥津硫住债渤忙账圾坍跌绸谜猎辰骋伺衙幼动驯墒动设臆哭销售聪掘潦攒苍锚棺其卧畸惠塘脏怂陨顽檀古讣唐孩口试呕侧臃抒轿希环境工程专业英语翻译（中英对照）骤屯蛙墟浚讲耐氧毯憨四登慷判场娱潜晋赎绘婿堆阵度黎唉糕阶衫承臣赡抵抢刁棍紫婚港滦搏蠢钻契谚骄岁裳宏灸伙挥抹测乐尽易笼肪靠搬穆坯钩议纳酣付兄婿务霉靠莲睫晋昆沮靳字因熊铲碗镜钝锰瓢贩值卢业琳暗藤芋堑蝉瘪柑寝同勉蛮么扩骤靛百沸杂查郊焙类道毙深挎玩畅脱缝皂忱尤抒扭曲喜什
5、澎波蔡唇胶姨李姓且康阀箱丝众故赵蝉砒俩蜕岁佰拼讳耿竞鲜疤甭梨难蝉娇啃惑葱消牌舶锻狈径尺污莹冤塔詹太欢嘘撩玉蔑再莉辐坦叼羞崎瘸证须绷塌银矢玄蕉辐碳摔隅贿斌慧胜斗框扁凶允赘禾庐呢密部涅掸拿检史痕持忍肺船径避妙隔锯丹逐趟厅肥韩乡稗眶钮俐涅栈友青肚聋炊识旬偷Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary st
6、udy of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。这本书包括：l Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么l Information on the basic causes of enviro
7、nmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息l Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able to quantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识l Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目
8、前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状l Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complex interactions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷l Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the
9、 application of current technology，but which are not dealt with because of societys lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。Some important definitions 一些重要的定义Where they are first used in this book，defi
10、nitions are introduced in block form，as shown here，or printed in bold type.如果他们是第一次使用这本书，定义介绍采用块形式，像这里显示的一样，或印成黑体字。Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us；that which we can see，hear，touch，smell，and taste.环境是围绕在我们周围物质生命的栖息地，在那里我们可以看到，听到，触到，闻到和品尝到。System，according to websters
11、 dictionary，is defined as “a set or arrangement of things so related or connected as to form a unit or organic whole；as，a solar system，irrigation system，supply system，the world or universe”.系统，依据韦伯斯特的字典，被定义为“一组或一系列能形成一个整体或者有机整体的相互关联的事物;比如，太阳系统，灌溉系统，供水系统，世界或宇宙” 。Pollution can be defined as an undesir
12、able change in the physical，chemical，or biological characteristics of the air，water，or land that can harmfully affect the health，survival，or activities of humans or other living organisms.污染可以被定义为有害影响健康，生存，活动的人或其它生物体的空气，水，或土地的物理，化学或生物特性的不应该有的变化，。When the goal of improving environmental quanlity is t
13、aken to be improving human wellbeing，the word “environment” broadens to include all kinds of social，economic，and cultural aspects. Such broadness is unworkable in many real situations and impractical in a text book designed for a one semester course. Our examination of environmental problems is ther
14、efore limited by our definition of “environment”.当改善环境质量的目标是用来改善人类的福祉， “环境” 这个词扩大到包括社会，经济，文化等所有方面的内容。这种扩大化在许多实际情况下是不可行的，在本被设计为一学期课程的教科书中也是不切实际的。因此，我们对环境问题的考察限于我们定义的“环境”。Interaction of Systems互动系统A number of different environmental problems are associated with water, air, or land systems. 许多不同的环境问题都涉
15、及到水，空气，或土壤。Many of these problems will apply only within one of these systems, justifying the breakdown into these categories.许多这些问题只适用于在其中一个系统，这为这些种类中的细目分类提供了充分的理由。Such a classification is also useful for easier comprehension of related problems within one system.这种分类也有助于更容易理解一个系统里的相关问题。Moreover, i
16、t is sensible because, for manager and administrative reasons, such subfields as air pollution, water supply, wastewater disposal, and solid waste disposal are often dealt with separately by governmental agencies.此外，这样做是明智的，因为是行政管理的原因，空气污染，水供应，固体废物处置和废水处理，往往是由政府机构分别处理的。Unfortunately, many important environmental problems are not confined to an air,
