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1、高中英语不定式用法详解定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。 E.g. He want his students to read the book aloud.1.不定式的构成 （以动词 do 为例）主动形式 被动形式一般式 to do to be done完成式 to have done to have been done进行式 to be doing 无完成进行式 to have been doing 无2.不定式的意义不定式的一般式(to do )一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或
2、状态的同时或之后My wish is to become a doctorHe seemed to be tired.She stopped to have a rest.不定式的被动式 (to be done)当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式.The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.I am going to Beijing, I have something to take to my parents, do you have something to be taken
3、to your parents?如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时, 不定式表示动作正在进行,这时候不定式就要用进行式.（to be doing）They are said to be building another bridge across the street.They seemed to be talking about something important.When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.Im glad to be working with you.如果不定式所表示的动作或状
4、态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式 (to have done) ；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He thought it a pity not to have invited us.The assistant seemed to have been fired.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.Einstein is said to
5、have built up his theory when he was in his twenties.如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.They are said to have been collecting folk song in Xinjiang.Were happy to have been working with the experts all the month.B. 用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。一、不定式做主语：1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。=动
6、名词 doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.To do such things is foolish.To see is to believe. (对等)注: 1). 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数2). 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用 it 做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。it 做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to doIt is easy / difficult
7、 / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary(3) it is +a +名词+ to do.It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / ones duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job to doIt takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience to doIt requires courage / patience / hard work to do*注意: probable
8、和 possible 均可作表语，但 possible 可以用不定式作真实主语，而 probable 不能用不定式作真实主语。It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(错）It is possible for him to come to the meeting.It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.二、不定式做表语主语是以 aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task 等为中
9、心词的名词词组 或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容, 不定式作表语常表示将来或现在的动作或状态。eg :My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.Your mistake was not to write that letter.What I would suggest is to start work at once.三 动词不定式作宾语以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn,
10、manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish 等只能用动词不定式作宾语。口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）想要学习 早打算（ want learn plan）快准备 有希望（ prepare hope wish expect）同意否 供选择（agree offer choose）决定了 已答应（decide be determined promise）尽力去 着手做（manage undertake）别拒绝 别假装（refuse pretend）失败不是属于你（fail）e.g.Tom refused to le
11、nd me his pen.We hope to get there before dark.The girl decided to do it herself.*注意:某些及物动词可用-ing 也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同的有stop / go on / remember / forget / regret / try / mean / cant help / be used to四 动词不定式做定语1.不定式作定语需要后置2. 作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词存在着两种主要的逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语 （逻辑上的主谓关系）或逻辑宾语（逻辑上的动宾关系）。1）不定
12、式前的名词是它的逻辑主语。He is the doctor to do the operation.2) 不定式和它所修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系。I have a lot of things to do.3）不定式前的名词是它修饰的对象。This is the right time to start.注意：如果不定式所修饰的词是 way 或 place, 介词可省略。He has no way to go (by). This is the best place to work (at)五宾语补足语He want you to be his assistant. I saw her cros
13、s the street.注 1 如果谓语动词为感官动词或使役动词，则作宾补的不定式不可带 to，这些动词有 see, hear, feel, watch, notice; have, make, let 等。I felt my blood run cold. What made you think like that?但如果句子是被动语态，则 to 不可省略。He was made to clean the windows as a punishment.Someone was heard to come up the stairs.注 2 1.谓语动词 help 后可接带 to 或不带 t
14、o 的不定式作宾补。用不带 to 的不定式表示帮助者直接参与动作；用带 to 的不定式表示主语没有直接参与动作。They helped me carry the boxes.This kind of soap will help you to wash the clothes more easily.2.在美式英语或非正式文体中，help 后用作宾补的不定式均不带 to。3.help 后可以直接用带 to 或不带 to 的不定式作宾语。They helped (to) carry the furniture upstairs.注 3look at 及 listen to 后用作宾补的不定式不带
15、 to（这主要是美式英语）。We have been listening to the radio tell a long story.六表语补足语， 当不定式与主语存在逻辑上动宾关系的时候，用主动表被动。That is hard to say. The chair is comfortable to sit in.七不定式做状语不定式做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。1、表目的e.g. To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best (主语一致)He came here to attend an i
16、mportant meeting.He came here in order to see Charlie.I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him注：表示目的的不定式可以置于句首，这也是区别于 其他功能的标志之一。* 但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式可以是 to, in order to ，但却不可以是 so as to.eg: To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.To get the best results, use clean water.To be elected monitor of our class, he gave money to us.* 放在句末时，to do
