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1、徐定语从句 高考英语定语从句用法讲解及专练一.定义：1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有 where, when, why 等。关系词常有 3 个作用：1 ，引导定语从句。2 ，代替先行词。 3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。3 结构：先行词+关系词+ 从句二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football
2、are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. whi
3、ch 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man
4、that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物时，常用 限定词 名词+of which 或 of which+ 限定词 名词结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of wh
5、ich is broken will soon be repaired.三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a
6、 magazine for which you asked.注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of 等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用 whom，不可用 who 或者 that，不可以省略；指物时用which，不能用 that，不可以省略；关系代词是所有格时用 whose(1) The man wit
7、h whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man with who/that you talked is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3.“介词+关系代词 ”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代词或者数词(1)
8、 He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4.限制性定语从句只能用 that 的几种情况1当先行词是 some (something 除外),anything, everything, nothin
9、g,/ few, little,/all, none, 等代词时，或者是由 some, any, every, no,/ few, little,/ all, much /the very, the only，one of 等修饰时(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is lit
10、tle that I can do for you.(5) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,(6) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.(7) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用 who(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do su
11、ch a thing.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰或本身是序数词(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰或本身是形容词最高级(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 当先行词前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?5. 当先行词既有人，也有物时(1) Can
12、you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?6. 在 There be 句型中7.先行词在主句中做表语，或关系代词在从句中做表语。经典习题：1. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 2. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the o
13、ne 3. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 四关系副词引导的定语从句1. when 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(
14、2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词” 引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) Fr
15、om the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.区别：1) 形式：非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号，而限制性定语从句与先行词之间则无逗号。The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could d
16、epend on. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.2) 关系：限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切，是先行词不可缺少的部分；而非限制性定语从句在意义上只是先行词的一个附加修饰语，对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用。3) 先行词：限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词，非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个句子或其中的一部分。2.非限制性定语从句的“四个不能”1) 非限制性定语从句通常不能用 that 引导。2) 非限制性定语从句不能用 why 引导，要用 for which 代替。I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting.3) 由“介词+关系代词”时，关系代词不能用 as。4) 指人的关系代词作宾语时用
