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1、语法知识梳理 专题十六 复合句 (宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句),考点一 宾语从句,1引导词 (1)在that 引导的宾语从句中，若是陈述句作宾语，that可以省略。 The radio says (that) it will be sunny tomorrow. 收音机报道说明天是晴天。,(2)连接代词which，what，who或连接副词how, where, why, when等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。 Could you tell me _ to you? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？,what he said,(3)whether 或 if 引导的一般疑问
2、句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。 I wonder _ you have told the news to Li Lei.我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这则消息了。,if/whether,注意 下列几种情况中，宾语从句的引导词通常使用whether： 与or not连用时，往往用whether； I dont know whether he will come or not. 介词之后用whether； It depends on whether it will rain. 不定式前用whether I dont know whether to buy it.,2时态 (1)当主句
3、为过去时时，从句要用相应的过去时态。 We asked what Jean was doing then. 我们问琼那时正在做什么。 (2)当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。 Lisa asked whether light _ faster than sound. 丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。,travels/goes,3语序（从句一定要用陈述语序） He is a good child. The teacher said. The teacher said (that) he was a good child. Does he work hard？I won
4、der. I wonder if/whether _ When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left. He asks me, whats the way to the bank?,he works hard,He asks me whats the way to the bank.,提醒 宾语从句与简单句的转换 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词to do”结构的简单句。 I dont know what I should say. I dont know what_ 我不知道要说什么。,to say,考点二 状
5、语从句,注意 1.主句与从句时态 (1)主现从现： 若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词，那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。 Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 The traffic must stop when the lights _. 当红灯亮时，车辆必须停下来。,turn/are red,(2)主将从现： 主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时。 If she _ here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果明天她来这里的话，我将和她一起去公园。 (3)过去时态： 若主从句都是在叙述过去
6、的事情，则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。 My father was watching TV when I got home yesterday.昨天我到家时爸爸正在看电视。,comes,2宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。 I dont know if(是否) he will come. If(如果) he comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话，我将告诉他这起事故。 I dont know when(什么时候) he will come tomorrow. When(当的时候)he comes, I will
7、tell him about the news. 我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时，我将告诉他这个消息。,考点三 定语从句,1关系代词的基本用法 引导定语从句的关系代词有who(whose, whom), which, that。,2关系代词的特殊用法 (1)下列情况关系词只能用that 先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等时。 All (that) you have to do is to practice every day. 你要做的就是每天练习。 There isnt much (that) I can do.我能
8、做的不多。,先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时。 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。,先行词被the only, the very
9、, the last, the same 等修饰时。 The white flower is the only one that I really like. 这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。 当主句是以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the man that is standing over there? 站在那边的那个人是谁？,先行词既有人又有物时。 We talked about the persons and things _ we could remember. 我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。 time作先行词且前面有序数词或 last 修饰时，定语从句用 t
10、hat 来引导(that可省略)。 The first time (that) I saw him was in 1972. 我第一次见到他是在1972年。,that,(2)下列情况只能用which 关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词which”结构。 This is the book for _ you ask. 这是你要的书。 引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很感人，我已经读了三遍了。,which,考点过关训练,1. Do you know _？ Fo
11、r a month. Ahow long will she be away Bhow long she will be away Chow often will she go there Dhow often she will go there,B,2. I wonder _ at 6：00 yesterday afternoon. I was doing my homework in the reading room. Awhat were you doing Bwhat did you do Cwhat you were doing Dwhat you are doing,C,3I hat
12、e people _ laugh at others when they are in trouble. Awho Bwhom Cwhich Dthey,A,4What kind of movies do you like? I like movies_ can cheer me up. Awho Bwhat Chow Dthat,D,5Stop smoking, Joe! You _ yourself if you keep on doing it like that! Awill kill Bhave killed Ckill Dkilled,A,6. Yesterday was my b
13、irthday. My friend sent me a CD _is made by Han Geng. Awho Bwhat Cwhich Dwhom,C,7 What are you doing? Im reading the book _you lent me last week. Awhat Bwho Cwhen Dthat,D,8I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight. Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match _ Astarts Bst
14、arted Cwill start Dis starting,A,9What was your brother doing at this time yesterday? He was reading a magazine _ I was writing an email at home. Aas soon as Bafter Cuntil Dwhile,D,10How soon will you start your journey? Im not sure. I havent decided _ Awhen shall I ask the boss for leave Bwhere I will go to spend the holiday Cwhether I would go by train or by plane Dwho could invite me to go,B,
