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1、专题十八虚拟语气 重难点分析 虚拟语气是英语中一个较大的语法项目，高考语法填空和短文改错都曾经设过考点，考生应予以重视。 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿 望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可 用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。 一、虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表 类别用法例句 if引 导 的 条 件 状 语 从句 与 现 在 事 实相反 从句动词： 过去式 (be 多用 were，但在口语 中，如果主语是第一/三人称， be 动词可用 was)；主句动词：
2、should/would/could/might+ 动词原形 If he were here, he would help us. 如果他在这，他会帮我们的。 与 过 去 事 实相反 从 句 动 词： had+ 过去 分词 ； 主 句动 词 ： should/would/could/might + have+过去分词 If I had been free, I would have visited you. 如果我那时有空， 我就 会去拜访你了。 与 将 来 事 实相反 从句动词： 过去式 / should+动词原形 / were+ 不定式；主句动词： should/would/could/m
3、ight +动词原形 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. 如果明天下雨， 我 们就不去露营了。 其 他 状 语 从句 as if/though引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成 式 They are talking was if they were/ had been friends for years. 他们交 谈着，好像是多年的老朋友。 even if/though 引导的从句，与现在/将来事实相反时，从 句动词用过去式，主句动词用should/would+ 动词原形； 与 过去事实相反时，从句动词用had+过去分词
4、， 主句动词用 should/would+ have+ 过去分词 Even if we failed, we wouldn t lose courage. 即使我们失败了，我们也 不会失去勇气。 宾语从句 demand, require, advise, suggest, order, insist(坚持要求 )等 表命令、建议、要求的动词后所接的宾语从句中的动词用 (should)+动词原形 He suggested that we (should) not change our mind. 他建议我们不要 改变主意。 wish 后所接的宾语从句中的谓语动词分别用过去式、过去 完成式和cou
5、ld/would+ 动词原形表示与现在、过去和将来 情况相反的假设 I wish I could be a pop singer. 我希 望我是一名流行歌手。 主语从句 在 It is necessary/important/strange that , It is suggested/ demanded/ordered/requested that 等后所接的主语从句 中，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形 It is strange that such a person should be our friends. 很奇怪的是 这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。 表 语 从 句 和 同 位 语
6、 从句 idea, advice, order, demand, request 等表命令、建议、要求 的名词后所接的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词用 (should)+动词原形 My advice is that you (should) finish your homework first. 我的建议是 你首先应该做完家庭作业。 The idea that you (should) go is right. 你走的建议是正确的。 其 他 句 型 中 It is (high) time that 句型中定语从句的谓语动词用过去式 或 should+动词原形 (优先使用过去式) It is
7、high time that we left. 该是我 们离开的时候了。 would rather 所接的从句中动词用过去式 或者 过去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now. 我宁愿你现在待在家里。 if only 句型中动词常用过去式 或者 过去完成式 ，表示强烈 的愿望 If only our dream had come true! 要是我们的梦想成真该多好！ 二、其他要注意的事项 1. 虚拟语气中出现be 的过去式，在口语中，当主语是第一、三人称单数时，可用was，但在 if 的倒装 句中只能用were。如： Were I you, I wo
8、uld apologize to her. 如果我是你的话，我就会去向她道歉。 2. suggest 表“暗示、表明”和insist 表“坚持认为”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。如： Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 你苍白的脸色表明你生病了。 He insisted that he was right. 他坚持认为他是对的。(如 insist 表“坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句则要 用虚拟语气 ) 3. if 虚拟语气条件句中如有had, should, were ，可省略if，并将这些词提前引起倒装。如： Were I you, I woul
9、d remain. 如果我是你，我会留下来。 Had you told me earlier, I wouldn t have missed it. 如果你早点告诉我，我就不会错过它了。 4. 可用 without, but for构成的介词短语代替虚拟语气条件句。如： But for your help, I would have failed the exam. 如果没有你的帮助，我不会通过考试的。 Without water, there would be no life. 没有水，就没有生命。 5. as if/though, even if/though引导的从句也可以不用虚拟语气，
10、表示真实的情况。如： It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来似乎要下雨了。 考点练透 一、单句填空用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. If he _ (warn), he _ (not take) that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. 2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _ (break). 3. I would rather they _ (not hear) of the
11、 news. 4. I wish _ (have) a room of my won when I was a child. 5. But for the teacher, I _ (not change) my attitude to study yet. 6. Without air to hold some of the sun s heat, the earth at night _ (be) freezing cold, too cold for us to stay. 7. If I had worked harder at school, I _ (sit) in a comfo
12、rtable office now. 8. Her pale face suggested that she _ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she _ (have) a medical examination. 9. I insisted he _ (go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ (be) wrong with him. 10. He asks that he _ (give) an opportunity to explain why he has refused t
13、o go there. 11. It is high time we _ (get) down to discuss this plan. 12. If it were not for the fact that you _ (be) too busy, I would ask you to help me do this right now. 13. Who do you suggest _ (send) to work there? 14. I would have come earlier, but I _ (not know) that you were waiting for me.
14、 15. If it _ (rain) tomorrow, the outing would be cancelled. 16. If there were no air, people _ (die). 17. If he _ (study) harder, he might pass the exam. 18. If he _ (take) my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 19. We would rather you _ (go) here tomorrow. 20. It is high time that you _
15、 (go) to pick up your daughter at school. 二、语篇填空用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 I am a middle school student. I have many dreams. If there 1 (be) not so much homework, I would have more time to do what I like to do. How I wish I 2 (listen) to my favorite music for an hour a day and 3 (play) table tennis for an hour in the morning. It is my desire that we 4 (hold) evening parties or 5 (organize) some interesting activities at weekend. I suggest that there 6 (be) not so many tests. You can imagine what life 7 (will) be if I 8 (realiz
