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1、1,The United States of America,2,Chapter 1 American Beginnings,3,USA Regions,The full name of America is the United States of America. 美国的全称是美利坚合众国。 Now it has 50 states and some other territories. All these 50 states,with each represented by a star on the national flag, “united” under the Federal G
2、overnment which is the central government. With the exception of Alaska and Hawaii, all the other 48 states are on the mainland and border on each other. 现在，它已有50个州及其他一些地区，是在中央政 府联邦政府下联合起来的。在国旗上，每颗星代表一 个州。 A state is the largest administrative unit in the country. It is something like a province in
3、some other countries. Each state keeps the basic powers of government for itself within its own territory.州是这个国家最大的行政区，就像一些国家的省一 样。每个州在其自己范围内具有管辖当地事务的基本权利。,4,Map of the United states of America,5,Whats your idea of the U.S.?,1.American is a new nation and the product of the Western Civilization. 美国是
4、一个新民族，是西方文明化的产物。 2.In fact, the American continent was first discovered by an Italian sailor called Christopher Columbus in 1492. 事实上，美洲大陆是1942年由意大利航海家克里斯朵夫.哥伦布首先发现的。 3.The U.S. was not officially founded until 1776 when 13 former British colonies rose up against the British Empire and fought a war
5、for their independence. 1776年美国成立。13个前英殖民地联合一致反抗当时的大英帝国，通过战争赢得了他们的独立。,6,Whats an American?,J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur (settled in Pennsylvania in the 18th century) 赫克托.圣约翰.德克雷夫科尔（18世纪移居宾西法尼亚地区） Letters from an American Farmer美国农人书简 “He is an American, who leaving behind him all his ancient pre
6、judices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds.” 这就是美国人，他把所有过去的偏见和习俗抛在脑后，而从他所热爱的新的生活方式，他所依附的新政府，他享有的心地位中接受新的一套。 “Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and posterity wil
7、l one day cause great changes in the world.” 来自各个种族的人，在此熔化为一个新的民族，他们的劳动及他们的后代必将给世界带来巨大的变化。 “The American is a new man, who acts upon new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions.” 美国人是一种新型的人，他们按新的原则办事，他们因此必然吸取新的思想，形成新的见解。,7,A New Land,The first long-continuing immigra
8、tion 第一次人口迁移运动 Time: 25 000 years ago 25000年前 People: Siberians from Asia 亚洲西伯利亚人 Route: across Bering Strait 越过白令海峡 Results: later called Indians developed their own culturethe Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas 后来被称为印第安人 的人们发展了自己的土著文化阿兹台克文化（墨 西哥地区）、印加文化（秘鲁地区）及玛雅文化（中 美洲）。,8,The Brilliant civilizations
9、,The Aztecs 阿兹台克文化,The Incas 印加文化,The Mayas 玛雅文化,9,A New Land,The second long-continuing immigration 第二次人口迁移运动 Time: from 16th century on, with the Expansion of Europe 从16世纪欧洲扩张运动开始 People: Europeans and Africans 欧洲人和非洲人 (notably Christopher Columbus) （特别是克里斯朵夫.哥伦布） * Why did Europeans came to the N
10、ew Land? 为什么欧洲人要来新大陆？,10,Columbus“discovery” of America,Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, believed that by sailing west from Europe he could reach the far East.克里斯朵夫.哥伦布是一个意大利航海家，他相信从欧洲一直向西航行他就可以到达远东地区。 In 1492, he persuaded the Spanish monarchy to support his voyage. He landed on one of the
11、Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea and thus “discovery” the New World.在1492年，他说服了西班牙皇室支持他的航行。他在加勒比海巴哈马群岛中的一个岛上登陆，这就是“发现新大陆”。 Based on his voyage, the Spanish King claimed the territory of the Americas and established a huge empire, grabbed enormous wealth from the Indians.在他此次航行的基础上，西班牙国王宣称美洲为其领土，并
12、建立强大的西班牙王国，从印第安人那剥夺巨大财富。,11,John Cabot,John Cabot, another Italian sailor, who served English King Henry VII, arrived in todays Canada and the English King claimed that the whole of the territory of North America belonged to England. 约翰.卡伯特，意大利航海家，效力于英王亨利七世。他航行到达了今天的加拿大，于是英王宣称整个北美大陆属英国所有。 Enforcing
13、this claim, the Englishmen began to establish permanent settlement in North America by the beginning of the 17th century. 为强调此声明，英国人从17世纪开始在北美建立永久殖民地。,12,Social Backgrounds in Europe,Great social changes in Europe (end of the Middle Ages and Feudal System) 欧洲巨大的社会变化（中世纪和封建制度的消亡） 1. Economic changes-
14、 the development of capitalism and emergence of new social groups 经济变化 资本主义的发展和新的社会力量的出现 2. Cultural changes- the Renaissance 文化变化 文艺复兴 3. Spiritual changes- the Religious Reformation 精神变化 宗教改革运动,13,The development of capitalism,The growth of capitalism produced two new class 资本主义的发展及两大阶级的产生,The bou
15、rgeois class 资产阶级,The working class工人阶级,Increasingly powerful in politics and economy在政治经济领域力量日渐强大 Eager to share more power with feudal lords希望能与封建主分享更多的权利,14,The Religious Reformation,Three pioneers in the Religious Reformation 宗教改革中的三个领袖,Martin Luther 马丁.路德,John Calvin 约翰.加尔文,King Henry VII 英王亨利七
16、世,15,The Protestant Reformation,In 1517, Martin Luther, a German theology professor, started to reform the Catholic Church which had dominated Europe for centuries. He challenged the authority of the Pope and attacked the practice of the sale of indulgences. He believed that people could be saved only by their faith in Jesus Christ and through a direct contact with God. The Religious Reformation, which was capitalistic in natur
