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1、专题八动词时态 动词时态是中考英语的热点、难点之一。中考共考查八种时态的 构成和用法。 一、一般现在时1. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作，用一般现 在时。句中常含 always，often ，usually，sometimes ，once a week， every day 等标志词。如：They come to school at seven every day. 他们每天 7 点钟到学校。My mother often does some washing after breakfast. 我妈妈常常吃完早餐后洗衣服。 2. 表示客观事实和客观真理要用一般现在时。如：The sun rises
2、in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，西方落下。 She said that lights run faster than sound. 她说光比声音传播得快。 3. 如果主句用将来时态， 那么 when， before ， after， until ， as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句和if， unless 等引导的条件状语从句要用一 般现在时。如：As soon as I get there, Ill telephone you. 我一 到那儿就打电话给你。If I have time tomorrow, Ill go with yo
3、u. 假如我明天有时间的话， 我将同你一起去。Ill tell you as soon as he comes back this afternoon. 今天下午他一回来我就告诉你。 注： 一般现在时的构成为“主语+v./v-s(-es)+其它”。谓语是行为 动词时要借助动词do / does 来帮助提问、否定、回答，帮助提问、 否定时行为动词要还为原形。如：-Does he get up early every day？他每天起得早吗？-Yes, he does. 是的。Lucy doesn t have lunch at school. Lucy不在学校吃中餐。 【拓展延伸】“go，sta
4、rt，leave，come，begin，stop，want ” 等动词的一般现在时可表示安排或计划好将来的动作。如：They leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。 二、现在进行时现在进行时表示此时此刻或当前这一段时间 正在进行的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作。句中多有now， these days， Listen! Look! 等提示词。现在进行时由“am/ is/are+v-ing ” 构成。如：Look! The children are playing soccer on the playground. 瞧! 孩子们正在操场上踢足球。We ar
5、e having an English class now. 现在我们正在上英语课。 【拓展延伸】(1) 表位置移动的词如come， go， leave， start， fly，die 等的进行时表将来时的意义。 如：The bus is leaving now. 这 辆公共汽车就要离开了。We are coming here. 我们就来了。 (2)现在进行时与 always 连用时表示具有“赞叹”或“厌烦”等感情 色彩。如：He is always thinking more of others than himself. 他 总是想着别人而不考虑自己。He is always talkin
6、g in class. 在课 堂上他总是说话。 三、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态，也 可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 它常与 ago， last week ， yesterday ， just now 等过去的时间连用。一般过去时构成为“主语+动词的过去 式+”。如：He used to make model ships last year. 他去年经 常制作轮船模型。What did you say just now？你刚才说什 么？注：谓语是行为动词时必须借助助动词did 来帮助提问、否 定、回答，帮助提问、否定时行为动词要用原形。如：-Did you pick the
7、apples on the farm last October？去年十月你们在农场里 摘了苹果吗？-No，we didn t. 没有。We didnt pick the apples on the farm last October. 去年十月我们没有在农场摘过苹 果。 四、一般将来时 一般将来肘表示将来时间要发生的动作。它常与 tomorrow ， next month ，in two days ，soon 等将来的时间连用。一般将来时构成为 “主语 +will/shall/be going to+动词原形”如：Will you come here in two days ？两天后你会来这里
8、吗 ? Im not going to fly a kite this afternoon. 今天下午我不打算放风筝。 【拓展延伸】(1)be to do sth. 可表按计划安排将要发生的动 作。如：These books are to come out. 这些书将出版了。 (2)Shall I(we)+ 动词原形？表示“我(我们)好吗？” ；Will you please + 动词原形？表示“你 (你们)好吗？”。此时两者均为 询问对方意见用语。如： Will you please wake me up tomorrow？ 请你明天叫醒我好吗？Shall I get some chalk
9、？要我拿些粉 笔来吗？ 五、现在完成时1. 现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成 了影响和结果，它常与already，yet，never，ever，just，before， once，recently 等副词连用。如：Have you read the book yet ？ 你看了那本书吗？Ive never been to Shanghai before. 我 以前从来没有去过上海。2. 现在完成时还可表示过去已经开始， 持续到现在或将来的动作或状态， 常与 so far， ever since， how long ， in the past/last two years，sinceago，“
10、for + 段时间”、“ since 十点时间”、 “since +/ 从句(用一般过去时 )”等连用。如：I have known him for three years. 我认识他有三年了。I ve lived here since I was born. 自出生后，我就住在这里。注：此种用法要求 在肯定句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。但在否定句中， 非延续性 动词可与时间段连用。 如：We havent heard from her for a long time. 我们很长时间没有收到她的来信了。3. 现在完成时的构成 为“主语 +have/has + 过去分词” 六、过去进行时过去进
11、行时表示过去某时或某段时间正在发 生的动作，常与从句等特定的过去时间连用。其构成为“主语 +was/were+v-ing”。如：They were watching TV at this time last night. 昨晚这个时候他们正在看电视。He said he was having supper at six yesterday. 他说他昨天 6 点钟正在吃晚饭。 七、过去将来时过去将来时表示过去某时来看将要发生的动 作或事情。它常用在主句是一般过去时， 从句的动作比主句更后发生 的宾语从句中，其构成为“主语+would/was(were)going to+动词原 形”。如：She
12、told me she would go there tomorrow. 她告 诉我她明天将去那里。He said he was going to stay here. 他说他打算呆在这里。八、过去完成时过去完成时常用在主 句是一般过去时，从句的动作比主句更前发生的宾语从句中，表“过 去的过去”。其构成为“主语+had + 过去分词”。如：How many songs have you learned by the end of last term？到上学期你 们学会了多少首歌？ When we got to the cinema, the film had been on for five
13、minutes. 当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始五分钟了I heard he had lived there for five years. 我听说他住那五年了。 实战演练 (250) 计分: 1. What do you do? I m an engineer. I _ in a company in Wuhan. I like my job very much. A. work B. had worked C. will work 2. Is your father a doctor? Yes, he is. He_ in Town Hospital. A. has worked B.
14、had worked C. works 3. Every year many foreigners _to China to learn Chinese. A. have come B. comes C. come 4.My mother will take me to the movie if she _ free this weekend. A. is B. will be C. would be 5.The girls will have a trip if it _fine. A. is B. has been C. will be 6. Where s Susan, Mike? Sh
15、e _ in the kitchen. A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking 7. Have you got a job offer? Not yet. I _. A. waited B. am waiting C. wait 8. Do you think John will help me move the piano? You d better not ask him. He _ a composition. A. wrote B. writes C. is writing 9. Where are the children, Mr Black? Oh, th
16、ey _ their PE lesson on the playground. A. have B. had C. are having 10.They _ about “ Super Girls” . Let s join them. A. talk B. are talking C. have talked 11.What are you doing, Cathy? I m _my cat. I can t find it. A. looking for B. looking at C. looking after 12.Mary, could you help me? Wait a moment. I _. A. read a book B. am coo
