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1、战斗机发展史,飞机简介 飞机自从发明的那一天开始，就注定要将自己与军事连结在一起。为了获得空中优势，人们一直在琢磨如何在空战中占据主动，不断地探索新的空战战术、技术。新的空战战术不断对飞机的性能提出新的要求，而飞机性能的提高又不断促使人们充分利用这些性能发展相应的空战战术。两者的相互促进推动了战斗机研制的发展。 最初的空战战术是盘旋，飞机的水平机动能力决定着空战的成败。随着德国著名飞行员殷麦曼首创的垂直机动开始，飞机的垂直机动能力越来越受到重视，一直到第二次世界大战，空战的主要原则是“谁有高度优势，谁就能控制战斗”， 当时的单机空战四要素是：高度、速度、机动、火力，因此设计师们不断地提高飞机的
2、速度和升限。随着喷气技术突破性的进展，在第二次世界大战末期，喷气式战斗机进入了历史舞台。 从喷气式战斗机开始服役至今有半个世纪了，人们根据战斗机性能的变化，将喷气式战斗机进行了分代，以一个清晰的脉络使50年来飞机的发展呈现在了人们眼前。 Aircraft and us since the invention of the day begins, they doomed themselves with military-linked together. In order to obtain air superiority, people have been wondering how to ta
3、ke the initiative in air combat, constantly exploring new air combat tactics, technology. New air combat tactics are new demands on aircraft performance, and improve aircraft performance and continued to promote the full use of the performance development of air combat tactics. Mutual promotion of b
4、oth promoted the development of fighter development. First air combat tactics were circling, aircraft mobility levels determine the success or failure of air combat. With Germany famous pilots Immelmans first vertical maneuvering began, the aircrafts vertical mobility more and more attention, until
5、the second world war, air combat is the main principle of who had a height advantage, who will be able to control the fighting, four elements of individual combat then was: high, speed, mobility, firepower, so designers have continuously improved the aircrafts speed and maximum altitude. As Jet tech
6、nology breakthrough progress, at the end of the second world war, jet fighters had entered the stage of history. From jet fighter entered service in half a century so far, according to fighter performance changes, jet fighters, aircraft with a clear thread of 50 years of development in the sight of
7、the people.,一代机,F86,米格-15,第一代,First generation fighter come out early on in the late 1940 of the 20th century, representative model United States such as F-86 and Mig-15 in the Soviet Union, this generation fighters to large caliber air guns (cannon) as a weapon, in the transonic area close-combat f
8、ighting, maximum altitude is about 15000m, the use of moderate sweep wings, with thrust-weight ratio 45. Late-generation turbojet engine in an Afterburner equipped with optical sights, and operating range only thousands of meters having part of aircraft equipped with radar, the first generation of w
9、arplanes had largely retired, my first generation fighter J-5,J-6. 第一代战机于20世纪40年代末50年代初问世，代表机型有美国的F-86和苏联的Mig-15等，这代战斗机以大口径航空机枪（炮）为武器，可在跨声速区进行近距空战格斗，最大飞行高度约为15000m，采用中等后掠角机翼，装推重比45。后期代加力燃烧室的涡喷发动机配备光学瞄准具，且部分飞机装有作用距离仅几千米的截击雷达，第一代战机已基本退役，我国第一代战斗机有J-5，J-6。,。 First generation fighter has been able to ach
10、ieve supersonic flight, with a maximum flight speed can reach Mach 1.3. First generation of fighter aircraft used swept wings, with an Afterburner-equipped turbojet engine. Aircraft electronic equipment is also very simple, mainly communication, altimeter and radio, radio compasses and a simple inte
11、grated friend or foe identification devices. Weapon unit dominated by large diameter aircraft gun, later mount air-to-air missile of the first generation. Aircraft fire control system for simple optical-electrical-sights, later first generation radar was installed.,第一代战斗机已经可以实现超音速飞行，其最大飞行速度可以达到马赫数1.
12、3。第一代战斗机普遍采用后掠机翼，装有带加力燃烧室的涡轮喷气发动机。飞机的电子设备还非常简陋，主要是通讯电台、高度表和无线电罗盘以及简单的敌我识别装置。武器装置以大口径航炮为主，后期型可以挂装第一代空空导弹。飞机的火控系统为简单的光学-机电式瞄准具，后期安装了第一代雷达,二代机,第二代,第二代超音速战斗机出现于50年代末和60年代初。代表机型包括美国洛克希德公司F-104“战星”式、麦克唐纳公司F-4“鬼怪”式、诺斯罗普公司F-5“自由战士”；英国“闪电”式；法国的“幻影”和“幻影”F1；瑞典的萨伯-37；前苏联的米格-21、米格-23、米格-25和苏-17；中国在米格-21基础上研制的歼7和
13、自行研制的歼8等。 Second generation supersonic fighter aircraft appeared in the late 50 and early 60. Representative models including United States Los grams Greek de company F-104 war Star type, and McDonald company F-4 ghost type, and NorthroFrye company F-5 free fighters; United Kingdom lightning type; F
14、rance of phantom and phantom F1; Sweden of Sapo-37; Qian Soviet of MiG-21, and MiG-23, and MiG-25 and Su-17; China in MIG-21 based Shang development of fighter 7 and themselves development of fighter 8,.,第二代战斗机的空战武器主要是第二代空对空导弹，并装有第二代雷达，有的还装备了有拦射能力的火力控制系统。第二代超音速战斗机速度快、升限高、火力强，因而作战能力大大提高，它的出现使第一代超音速战斗
15、机逐步退出历史舞台。 Second generation fighters in air combat, principally the second generation air-to-air missiles, and equipped with the second generation of radar, fire control system of the equipment have the ability to stop shooting. Second generation supersonic fighter speed, high ceiling, more powerfu
16、l, and combat capabilities greatly enhance, the emergence of the first generation supersonic fighter gradually withdraw from the stage of history.,为保证性能要求，在气动设计上这一代已过渡到头部尖锐、两侧进气，为改善低速性能有的采用了可变后掠翼。在翼型上，开始采用较薄的超音速翼型。这种翼型前缘尖锐、上下对称，常见的有菱形翼型、六面形翼型、双凸翼型。 To guarantee the performance required, transition on aerodynamic design of this generation is to head sharply, air intakes on both sides, in order to improve low speed performance either with a variable sweep wing. On t
