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1、,非谓语动词,性质 非谓语动词具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语，即除谓语以外的一切成分。,形式 1. 动词不定式 2. 动词-ing形式 3. 动词-ed形式,非谓语动词时态 用-ing，表示动作正在进行; 用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义,分析句子结构, 辨别“谓语与非谓语” 找逻辑主语 一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。作宾语补足语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。 分析语态 分
2、析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词所表示的动作和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。,1. (2014湖南高考)_ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood 【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:了解你自己交流的需求和方式与学会表达你的喜爱和情感一样重要
3、。分析句子结构,设空处为句子的主语部分,且题干所述表泛指意义的行为,故应用v.-ing形式的一般式作主语。,【高考链接】,2. (2014浙江高考)Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse_to guard her. A.to appointB.appointing C.appointedD.having appointed 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:残疾人安妮萨蒙在学校的那段日子一直由委派保护她的一个护士陪同。其中a nurse与动词appoint之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作
4、定语。,3. (2014陕西高考)_the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. A.Working out B.Worked out C.To work out D.Work out 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:为了解决这道数学难题,我已经向拉塞尔教授请教了好几次了。不定式表示目的,故选C。,4. (2014北京高考)Last night, there were millions of people_the opening ceremony live on TV. A.wa
5、tchB.to watch C.watchedD.watching 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意:昨晚,几百万人通过电视观看了开幕式现场直播。分析句子可知“_ the opening ceremony live on TV”作millions of people的定语,people和watch之间是主动关系,且动作正在发生,因此选择现在分词。,5. (2013福建高考)_ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A.Known B.Having known C.Knowing D.B
6、eing known 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:知道基本的急救技术将会帮助你对紧急情况快速作出反应。由句式分析可知本句缺少主语,且不强调动作的时间对比及被动,故用动名词的一般形式作主语。,6. (2013湖南高考)You cannot accept an opinion _to you unless it is based on facts. A.offeringB.to offer C.having offeredD.offered 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意: 你不能接受提供给你的某个观点,除非其基于事实。opinion与offer构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词在句
7、中作定语。offer提供。,7. (2013江苏高考)Lionel Messi,_ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意:里奥内尔梅西曾在一年内创造最多得分记录,因此他被认为是欧洲最有天赋的足球运动员。由句子谓语动词is considered可知此题考查非谓语动词形式,主语与set之间为主谓关系,且
8、表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,故用现在分词的完成式形式。,8. (2013新课标全国卷)The sunlight is white and blinding, _hard-edged shadows on the ground. A. throwing B. being thrown C. to throw D. to be thrown 【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:阳光明亮而刺眼,在地上投射出轮廓清晰的影子。throw这一动作和主语sunlight之间是主动关系,且强调一种自然的结果,所以应用动词-ing的主动形式。B、D两项和sunlight之间是被动关系;C项表示意外的结果。,9
9、. (2013辽宁高考)Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _ for her. A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.was waiting 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:Laura离家去巴黎待了一周多。当她回家时,有一大堆邮件在等着她。mail和wait之间是主谓关系,故用-ing形式作后置定语。,10. (2013山东高考)I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling t
10、ired. A.take B.taking C.to take D.taken 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:我感到累了,因此停下车休息一小会儿。to do不定式在句中作目的状语。所以选C。,11. (2013北京高考)Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives, including your own. A.changeB.changing C.changed D.to change 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意:志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会,包括你自己的生活。题干中已经有谓语动词gives,故A选项change动词谓语形式不能选,只能选非谓语
11、形式,chance后往往接of doing sth.或to do sth.,即give sb. a chance to do sth./of doing sth.给某人做某事的机会。,12. (2013四川高考)_ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. A.Not knowing B.Knowing not C.Not known D.Known not 【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:由于不知道要上哪所大学,女孩向她的老师征求意见。非谓语动词的否定形式要在非谓语动词前面加not,故排除B项和D
12、项;根据句意可知主语the girl和非谓语动词之间为逻辑主谓关系,故选择v.-ing形式。C项表示和主语之间为被动关系。,13. (2012全国卷)The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _anything that happened to be on. A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched 【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:这位老人每天晚上坐在电视机前,高兴地看着正在发生的一切。happy为形容词,此处作伴随状语,表示老人的心态;做
13、该题时,需想到的是be happy to do sth.。此时的不定式不能用to have done sth.,因为“看”不是一个先发生的动作;该题易误选watching,但是,如用watching作伴随状语,必须把happy改为happily,用来修饰watching。,14. (2012湖南高考)The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be s
14、tarted 【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:于昨晚七点开始的讲座之后是通过望远镜观察月亮。本题考查非谓语动词作定语,lecture与start构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式作定语。A项为现在分词形式,表主动,符合题意。B项为现在分词的被动式,表被动进行;C项为动词不定式,表将来未发生的动作;D项为不定式的被动式,表将来被动。,15.(2011江西高考)On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. says B
15、. said C. saying D. to say,16.(2011天津高考)Passengers are permitted _only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried,17.(2011四川高考) Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep,18.(2011全国卷II) Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying 19.(2011重庆高考)More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _ peoples concern over food safety. A. to raise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raised,20.
