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1、1 简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题 一、句子成份 英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语 ：、主语 ： 表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和 倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形 容词和主语从句等表示。例如： Country musicCountry music has become more and more popula
2、r.（名词） WeWe often speak English in class.（代词） One-third One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swimTo swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） SmokingSmoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The richThe rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English testW
3、hen we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） ItIt is necessary to master a foreign languageto master a foreign language.（it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 1)简单谓语： We studystudy for the people. 2)复合谓语： I can speakcan speak a little English. We are rea
4、dingare reading books. He has gone has gone to Beijing. 3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如 be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。 My sister is a nursea nurse. Is it yoursyours?（代词） The weather has turned coldcold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty onetwenty one?（数词） His job is to teach Englishto te
5、ach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing footballplaying football.（动名词） The ruler must be must be in your box.（介词短语） Time is upup. The class is overover.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroadthat he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like EnglishEnglish. How many di
6、ctionaries do you have? I have fivefive.（数词） They helped the oldthe old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） It began to rainto rain.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular musiclistening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 有些及物动词可以带两个宾
7、语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave meme some inksome ink. 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him him our monitoour monitor(班长). 5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street His father named him DavidDavid.（名词） They painted（涂漆） their boat whitewhite.（形容词） Let the fres
8、h（新鲜的） air inin.（副词） You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the roomentering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order in good order.（介词短语） 6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new a new student. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修
9、饰的词之后之后。 The bike in the room/over there/in the room/over there/ is mine. Guilin is a beautifulbeautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing（发展中）developing（发展中） country; America is a developed（发达）developed（发达） country.（分词） 2 There are thirty women women teachers is our school.（名词） HisHis progress（进步）in
10、 English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor（班长） is always the first to enter the classroom to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） He is reading an article(文章) about how to learn Englishabout how to learn English.（介词短语） 7、 状语: 修饰动词， 形容词， 副词以及全句的句子成分， 叫做状语。 状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副 词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in
11、Londonin London. Light travels most quicklymost quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten yearsfor ten years.（介词短语） He is sorry to trouble(麻烦) youto trouble(麻烦) you.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane. making a model plane.（分词短语） Once（一旦 0 you beginOnce（一旦 0 you begin, you must
12、continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下：状语种类如下： How about meeting again at sixat six?（时间状语） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rainbecause of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesnt rainif it doesnt rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third flooron the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs i
13、nto the basket with great carewith great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her handwith a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the othersIn order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediatelythat he fell asleep im
14、mediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is oldthough she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he isthan he is.（比较状语） 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. His job is to train swimmers. 5. He took m
15、any photos of the palaces in Beijing. 6. His wish is to become a scientist. 7. He wants to finish the work in time. 8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）. 9. He found it important to master English. 10. Do you have anything else to say? 11. Would you please tell me your address? 12. He sat there, rea
16、ding a newspaper. 13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room. 15. The apples tasted sweet. 简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。 换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S 十 V 主谓结构 主语 不及物动词 S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构 主语 连系动词 表语 S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构 主语 及物动词 宾语 S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构 S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构 判断类型和句子成分： She came She likes English. She is happy The teacher asked me to read the pas
