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1、1 工程机械之装载机的英语翻译 Unit 8 Loaders 装载机 8.1 Overview 概述 8.1.1 Basic Concept .基本概念 A loader is a type of construction equipment (engineering vehicle) machinery that is primarily used to load material into another type of machinery (dump truck, conveyor belt, rail- car, etc.).Loaders are used mainly for up
2、loading materials into trucks, laying pipe, clearing rubble, and digging. A loader is not the most efficient machine for digging as it cannot dig very deep below the level of its wheels, like a backhoe can. Their deep bucket can usually store about 3-6 cubic meters of earth. The front loaders bucket
3、 capacity is much bigger than a bucket capacity of a backhoe loader. Loaders are not classified as earthmoving machinery, as their primary purpose is other than earthmoving. 装载机是一种主要用于向另一种机械（自卸车、输送皮带、铁路运输车辆等）“装载” 物料的建设机械（工程车辆）设备。装载机主要用于向卡车装载物料，以及铺设管道、清理 碎石和挖土等工作。作为挖土作业装载机不是最有效的机械，与挖掘机不同，装载机不适用 于轮胎支承
4、面以下较深处的挖掘作业。装载机的深底铲斗一般可装载 36 立方米的土壤。 铲斗前置装载机的斗容量远大于挖掘装载机的斗容量。 装载机不属于铲土运输机械， 因其主 要用途并非土方运输。 Unlike most bulldozers, most loaders are wheeled and not tracked, although track loaders are common. They are successful where sharp edged materials in construction debris would damage 2 rubber wheels, or wher
5、e the ground is soft and muddy. Wheels provide better mobility and speed and do not damage paved roads as much as tracks, but provide less traction. 尽管履带式装载机是普遍的， 但与大多数推土机不同， 大多数装载机是轮式的而并非履 带式。 履带式装载机适用于棱角锐利的建筑材料会破坏橡胶轮胎的场合， 或者在松软泥泞道 路上的作业。 轮式装载机具有良好的机动性和较高的工作速度， 并且不像履带那样破坏铺装 路面，但其所能提供的牵引力较小。 Unlike
6、standard tractors fitted with a front bucket, many large loaders do not use automotive steering mechanisms. Instead, they steer by a hydraulically actuated pivot point set exactly between the front and rear axles. This is referred to as articulated steering and allows the front axle to be solid, all
7、owing it to carry greater weight. Articulated steering provides better maneuverability for a given wheelbase. Since the front wheels and attachment rotate on the same axis, the operator is able to steer his load in an arc after positioning the machine, which can be useful. 与安装前置铲斗的标准拖拉机不同，许多大型装载机不使用
8、汽车转向机构。取而代之， 它们通过液压驱动的安装于前、 后桥之间的转向铰接装置转向。 这种转向称为 “铰接转向”， 它可使前桥固定，并使其承受更大的重量。对于一定的轴距铰接转向提供了较好的机动性。 由于前轮与工作装置绕同一车轴旋转，驾驶员在使机械定位后可使铲斗沿弧线“转向”，这 一点是实用的。 The loader assembly may be a removable attachment or permanently mounted. Often the bucket can be replaced with other devices or tools-for example, many
9、 can mount forks to lift heavy pallets or shipping containers, and a hydraulically-opening clamshell bucket allows a loader to act as a light dozer or scraper. 装载机的工作装置可以是更换式的或者是固定安装。铲斗常常可用其它装置或工具更 换， 例如， 许多装载机可以安装叉车工装提升重型货物或者装运集装箱， 装备液压开启式 “蛤 壳”型铲斗可以使装载机像推土机或铲运机一样作业。 In construction areas loaders a
10、re also used to transport building materials - such as bricks, pipe, metal bars, and digging tools - over short distances.Loaders are also used for snow removal, using their bucket or a snowbasket, but usually using a snowplow attachment. They clear snow from streets, highways and parking lots. They
11、 sometimes load snow into dump trucks for transport. 3 在各种建筑工地上装载机也经常用来近距离转运建筑材料，例如砖块、管材、钢筋、各 种挖掘工具等。借助铲斗或除雪铲，装载机也用于除雪作业，但通常使用除雪装置。它们用 来清除街道、公路和停车场上的积雪。有时用装载机将积雪装载到自卸车上进行运输。 Front loaders gained popularity during the last two decades, especially in urban engineering projects and small earthmoving wo
12、rks. Many engineering vehicle manufacturers offer a wide range of loaders, the most notable are those of John Deere, Caterpillar, Case, Volvo, Komatsu and Liebherr. 近 20 年来， 特别是在城市建设工程和小型土方运输工程中， 装载机获得了普遍的应用。 许多工程车辆制造商可生产多种类型的装载机， 其中最知名的有约翰迪尔、 卡特彼勒、 凯斯、 沃尔沃、小松和利勃海尔等品牌。 8.1.2 Applications 应用 1 2 3 4
13、5 6 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 1. loading materials 装载材料 ； 2. earthmoving 铲土运输 ； 3. forestry engineering 林业工程 ； 4. snow removing 除雪作业；5. underground work 井下作业；6. loading and unloading 装卸货物；7. pipe laying 铺设管道；8. maintain pavement 维修路面；9. land clearing 场地清理；10. garden work 园林工作；11. rolling compaction 碾压路面；12.
14、tunnel construction 隧道作业 8.1.3 Types 类型 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 1. mini type loader 微型装载机；2.small type wheel loader 小型轮式装载机；3.medium type wheel loader 中型轮式装载机；4.large type wheel loader 大型轮式装载机；5. track-type loader 履带式装载机；6. skid steer loader 滑移转向装载机；7. underground mining loader 井下 作业装载机 ； 8. multi te
15、rrain loader 多功能装载机 ； 9. wheel backhoe loader 轮式挖掘装载机 ； 10. side dumping loader 侧卸式装载机 8.2 Components and Features 组成与特点 8.2.1 Components 组成 8.2.1.1 Basic Components 基本部件 6 1. bucket 铲斗；2. front axle 前桥；3.instrumentation console 仪表盘；4. cab and operating system 驾驶室及操作系统；5.engine and transmission system 发动机及传动系统；6. engine hood 发动机罩；7. counterweight 配重；8. rear axle 后桥；9.rear frame 后机架；10. electrical system 电气系统 ； 11. front frame 前机架 ； 12. mudguard挡泥板 ； 13. boom 动臂 ； 14. rocker arm cylinder 摇臂油缸；15. connecting rod 连杆；16. r
