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1、23/10/2020,1,Course of Metallurgy 冶金教程 Part 2 Heat Treatments and Surface Treatments 第二部分 热处理与表面处理,A. Mantini,Quality 2 Wheels,23/10/2020,2,INDEX 索引,1 Heat treatments of steels 钢的热处理 - Annealing 退火 - Normalizing 正火 - Quenching 淬火 - Tempering 回火 - Stress Relieving 应力消除 2 Surface Thermo Chemical Treat
2、ments of steels 钢的表面热-化学处理 - Case Hardening 表面硬化 - Nitriding 滲氮 3 - Protection Surface Treatments of steels 钢的表面保护处理 - Phosphating 磷化 - Zinc Plating (Galvanizing) and Dacromet 镀锌与 Dacromet - Chrome Plating 镀铬,23/10/2020,3,Heat Treatment of Steels 钢的热处理,1 - ANNEALING 退火 Ferrite and Pearlite (globular
3、) 铁素体与珠光体(球状) 2 - NORMALIZING 正火 Ferrite and Pearlite (lamellar) 铁素体与珠光体(薄片状) 3 QUENCHING (Hardening) 淬火(淬水) Martensite, Bainite 马氏体，贝氏体 4 - TEMPERING 回火 Tempering Martensite (Sorbite) 马氏体回火(富氮碳钛矿) 5 STRESS RELIEVING 消除应力 Martensite 马氏体 6 SURFACE HARDENING (Quenching + Tempering + Surface Quenching
4、+ Stress Relieving) 表面硬化(淬火+回火+表面淬火+消除应力) 7 DIFFUSION THERMO CHEMICAL TREATMENTS (Case Hardening, Nitriding) 渗透热-化学处理(表面硬化与渗氮),23/10/2020,4,Heat Treatment of Steels 钢的热处理,Time,Temperature C 温度,AC3,AC1,g,a + g,a,Normalizing正火,Quenching淬火,MS,Tempering 回火,Annealing退火,Stress Relieving消除应力,23/10/2020,5,H
5、eat Treatments of Steels钢的热处理,Time,Temperature C,AC3,AC1,g,a + g,a,MS,MF,Quenching + Tempering 淬火+回火,23/10/2020,6,Heat Treatments of Steels 钢的热处理,Steel 38NiCrMo4 钢38NiCrMo4 Workmanship annealing: 工艺退火 -austenitizing 850C for 1 hour, furnace cooling. 奥氏体化 850 C 一个小时，炉冷 Microstructure: Ferrite -Pearli
6、te with globular pearlite 显微组织：铁素体-球状珠光体 Brinell Hardness HB = 180 布氏硬度 HB=180 Ultimate Strength R = 635 N/mm2 极限强度 R = 635 N/mm2,23/10/2020,7,Heat Treatments of Steels 钢的热处理,Steel 38NiCrMo4 Normalized: austenitizing 860C for 30, air cooling (out of furnace) 正火：奥氏体化 860 C 30分钟，空冷(在炉外) Microstructure
7、: Ferrite - Pearlite with lamellar pearlite. 显微组织：铁素体-薄片状珠光体。 Rockwell Hardness HRC = 20 洛氏硬度 HRC = 20 Ultimate Strength R = 770 N/mm2 极限强度 R = 770 N/mm2 Yield Strength RS= 600 N/mm2 A5 = 20% 屈服强度 RS= 600 N/mm2 A5 = 20% Toughness KCU = 200 Joules 韧性/刚性 KCU = 200 Joules,23/10/2020,8,Heat Treatment of
8、 Steels 钢的热处理,Steel 38NiCrMo4 Quenching: austenitizing 860C for 30, oil cooling 淬火：奥氏体化860 C 30分钟，油冷 Microstructure: Acicular Martensite. 显微组织：针状奥氏体 Rockwell Hardness HRC = 55 洛氏硬度 HRC = 55 Ultimate strength R = 1980 N/mm2 极限强度 R = 1980 N/mm2 Yield strength RS = N.D. A% = N.D 屈服强度 RS = N.D. A% = N.D
9、 KCU = N.D.,23/10/2020,9,Heat Treatments of steels 钢的热处理,Steel 38NiCrMo4 Quenching: austenitizing 860C for 30, salt bath at 330C for 1 hour, air cooling 淬火：奥氏体化 860 C 30 分钟， 在330 C 盐浴一个小时， 空冷 Microstructure: Bainite 显微组织：贝氏体 Rockwell Hardness HRC = 42 洛氏硬度 HRC = 42 Ultimate Strength R = 1347 N/mm2 极
10、限强度 R = 1347 N/mm2 Yield Strength RS = 1200 N/mm2 A5 = 15% 屈服强度 RS = 1200 N/mm2 A5 = 15% KCU = 130 Joules,23/10/2020,10,Heat Treatment of steels 钢的热处理,Steel 38NiCrMo4 Quenching: austenitizing 860C for 30, oil cooling 淬火： 奥氏体化 860 C 30分钟，油冷 Stress relieving: 200C for 2 hours 消除应力： 200C 达2个小时 Microstr
11、ucture: Acicular Martensite 显微组织：针尖状马氏体 Rockwell Hardness HRC = 52 洛氏硬度 HRC = 52 Ultimate strength R = 1820 N/mm2 极限强度 R = 1820 N/mm2 Yield Strength RS = 1550 N/mm2 A5 = 8% 屈服强度 RS = 1550 N/mm2 A5 = 8% KCU = 30 Joules,23/10/2020,11,Heat Treatment of steels 钢的热处理,Steel 38NiCrMo4 Quenching: austenitiz
12、ing 860C for 30, oil cooling. 淬火：奥氏体化 860 C 达30分钟，油冷 Tempering: 600C for 2 hours 回火600 C达2小时 Microstructure: Tempered Martensite (Sorbite). 显微组织： 回火马氏体(富氮碳钛矿) Rockwell Hardness HRC = 32 洛氏硬度 HRC = 32 Ultimate Strength R = 1050 N/mm2 极限强度 R = 1050 N/mm2 Yield Strength RS = 900 N/mm2 A5 = 14% 屈服强度 RS
13、= 900 N/mm2 A5 = 14% KCU = 120 Joules,23/10/2020,12,Heat Treatment of steels 钢的热处理,23/10/2020,13,Heat Treatments of steels 钢的热处理,23/10/2020,14,Heat Treatments of steels 钢的热处理,23/10/2020,15,Heat Treatments of steels 钢的热处理,23/10/2020,16,Heat Treatments of steels 钢的热处理,23/10/2020,17,Surface Hardening 表
14、面处理,Surface hardening (induction hardening) on crankshaft 对曲轴的表面处理 (感应淬水),23/10/2020,18,DIFFUSION THERMO CHEMICAL TREATMENTS 渗透热化学处理,With the diffusion thermo chemical treatment is obtained the modification of the superficial characteristics of a material by the diffusion (trough the surface) of an
15、alloying element. For the steels the more diffused treatments are the Case Hardening and the Nit riding. 通过渗透(经表层)合金元素而改善材料的表面特性，这就被称为渗透热化学处理。对于钢来说，渗透力较 为明显的是表面硬化(渗碳)以及渗氮。 1 - Case Hardening: 表面硬化(渗碳) Solid Case Hardening (into a box) 固体表面硬化(在箱子中) (固体渗碳) Liquid Case Hardening 液体表面硬化 (液体渗碳) Gas Case Hardening 气体表面硬化 (气体渗碳) 2 - Nitriding: 渗氮 Gas Nitriding 气体渗氮 Ionic Nitriding 离子渗氮,23/10/2020,19,Case Hardening 表面硬化,23/10/2020,20,Case Hardening表面硬化,23
