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1、虚拟语气讲义一、考点聚焦1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（ be 动词的过去式用 were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“ would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
2、如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（ 3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或 should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用 would / should/ could might + 动词原形。如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：I
3、f they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在 )以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句主句与过去事 实had + 过去分词should /would/could/might+ have相反+ 过去分词与现在事 实一 般 过 去 时 (be用 would/should/could/might+ 动词相反were)原形与将来事 实一 般 过 去 时或+ 动词Would/should/cold/might相反should(were to) + 动词原形原形有时侯在使用时可省略
4、 if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“ were / had / should + 主语”。如：Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。第1页共13页“wish + 从句”表示不能 的愿望， “要是就好了”等。表示 在不能 的愿望， 从句中的 用一般 去 ； 表示将来不能 的愿望，从句中的 用“ would/co
5、uld + 原形”；表示 去不能 的愿望，从句中的 用“ had + 去分 ”或“ could(should) + have + 去分 ”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建 、要求、命令等的 suggest 、advise 、propose 、demand、 require 、insist request 、command、order 等后的 从句中， 用 should+ 原形或是 原形。如：She sugges
6、ted we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.（2）虚 气在同位 从句和表 从句中的运用。作表示建 、要求、命令等的名 advise 、idea 、order 、 demand、 plan 、 proposal 、suggestion 、request 等的表 从句和同位 从句，从句中的 用“（should ） + 原形”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful. My idea is that they (
7、should)pay 100 dollars. （3）虚 气在主 从句中的运用。在主 从句中， 的虚 气用“ should + 原形”的 构，表示惊奇、不相信、理 如此等。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we shouldclean the room every day.Itwas a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)thatyou should be so careless.Itwillbe desired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,pr
8、oposed,etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意： 种从句表示的是事 。如果 人 种事 表 出惊奇的情感，就可用虚 气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感， that 从句也可用 述句 气。如：It is pity that you cant swim.3、虚 气在其他 合的运用（1）虚 气在 as if/as though 、even if/even though 等引 的表 从句或状 从句中，如果从句表示的 作 生在 去， 用 去完成 ；指 在状况， 用一般 去 ；指将来状况 用 去将来 。如：He did it a
9、s if he were an expert.第2页共13页Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.（2）虚 气用于定 从句中。 种从句常用于句型“ It is (high)time (that) ”中，定 从句的 用一般 去 (be 用 were) 或 should + 原形，意思是“( 在 ) ”。如：It s time that I picked up my daughter.It s high time we were going.（3）虚 气用在if only引 的感 句中。如：If only I were a b
10、ird.If only I had taken his advice.（4）虚 气在一些 句中的运用。情 的 去式用于 在 ，表示 人 虚、客气、有礼貌或 气委婉，常出 在日常会 中。如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些 表达法中。如：Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you.二、精典名 解 填空1. When a pencil is partly in a gl
11、ass of water, it looks as if it _. (NMET95)A.breaksB.has brokenC.were brokenD.had been broken解析：答案 C。本 考 的是 as if 引 的 步状 从句中的 气 ， as if 引 的状 从句如果与事 一致，不用虚 气，如果与事 相反， 用虚 气。 中“当 笔的一部分浸在水中， 笔看上去好像断了” 。而 上 笔并未断，与事 相反， 前半部分 述是一般 在 ， 因而本句是 一般 在 的虚 ，用 were broken。2. I didn t see your sister at the meeting.
12、 If she _, she would havemet my brother.(NMET94)A.has comeB.did comeC.cameD.had come解析：答案 D。本 考 的是 if 条件句中的虚 气。 意是：我在会 上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事 相反，前面一句交代了虚 气的 是一般 去 的虚 ，所以if 从句中用 had+ 去分 。3. If he _, he _that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93)第3页共13页A.was warned; would
13、not takeB.had been warned; would not have takenC.would be warned; had not takenD.would have been warned; had not taken解析：答案为 B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。 根据下一句语境可知， 他事先并没有得到警告， 表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选 B。虚拟语气专项练习1Were it not for the snowy weather, we _all right.A. would beB. would have beenC. wereD. may
14、be2._more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A. If the captain wereB. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain beD. If the captain would have been3.If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should callB. should not have been ableC. were not ableD. are not able4.If you asked your father, you _ permission.A. may get
