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1、第四章 翻译的技巧,Skills in Translation,4.1 Choice of Diction,As a noted linguist has observed, (make mention of /remark) the meaning of a word is its use in the language and each word, when used in a new context, is a new word.,4.1 Choice of Diction,一词多义： story 1. This war is becoming the most important st
2、ory of this generation. 2. it is quite another story now. 3. Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story. 4. Hell be very happy if that story holds up.,4.1 Choice of Diction,5. The Rita Hayworths story is one of the saddest. 6. What a story! I dont believe a word of it. 7. La
3、st December the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refused to confirm the story. 8. The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from American TV.,4.1 Choice of Diction,Judging from the context, story in the above sentences indicates
4、different senses respectively : 1. event; 2. situation; 3. inside information; 4. statement; 5. experience; 6. lie; 7. news; 8. report;,4.1 Choice of Diction,therefore, the corresponding Chinese versions should be: 1. 这场战争将成为这一代人所经历的最重大的事件； 2. 现在的情况完全不同了； 3. 有些未参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了； 4. 如果这一说法当真，那他就太高兴了；
5、,4.1 Choice of Diction,5. 丽泰. 海华丝的遭遇算是最惨的了； 6. 弥天大谎，我只字不信； 7. 去年12月，邮报首先报道调查工作已在那些城市里进行，但官员们拒绝证实这条消息； 8. 报道中对他的渲染减少了，不久就从美国电视上销声匿迹了；,4.1 Choice of Diction,On the other hand, a chinese word or phrase may have a variety of English equivalents according to different situations. Take the chinese express
6、ion 情况for example: 1. 在这种情况下 under such circumstances 2. 这种情况必须改变 This state of affairs must change,4.1 Choice of Diction,现在情况不同了。 Now things are different. 他们的情况怎么样？ How do matters stand with them? 前线有什么情况？ How is the situation at the front? 我们可能去那儿，那的看情况而定 We may go there, but that depends.,TEM-8
7、Extra Exercises,Chinese to English 1. 在某种特定的文化中长大的人们有着某种共同的价值观和观念。这并不意味着他们都以完全同样的程度拥有完全相同的价值观；但他确实意味着他们中的大多数人在大多数时候基本同意彼此是非善恶的观点。,TEM-8 Extra Exercises,参考译文 1. those who grow up in a certain/particular culture share certain values and assumptions/perspectives/(have in common). It does not mean they
8、all share the same values to the exactly same extent/degree; it does mean that most of them in most cases would agree with each others ideas/opinions/views about what is right and wrong, good and evil.,TEM-8 Extra Exercises,English to Chinese 1. I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, bu
9、t to my work, a lifes work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before.,TEM-8 Extra Exercises,参考译文 1. 我感到这份奖赏不是授予我个人而是授予我工作的-授予我一生从事有关人类精神的呕心沥血。我从事这项工作，不图虚名，更不为一己之利，
10、而是为了从人类精神原料中创造一些从未有过的东西。,Non-tariff barriers 非关税壁垒 Facilitate/enhance/promote/boost Stimulate/spur,第四章 综合练习及参考译文,一. no more than 与 not more than 1. no more than 的意思是仅仅，只有，强调少的概念，相当于only 或者符号 “=” . 如： This class takes no more than (only) 30 minutes. I have no more than (only) 5 dollars in my pocket.,
11、第四章 综合练习及参考译文,2. not more than 为more than 的否定式，其意为不多于，不超过，相当于 at most 或者是 “” 。 如： Not more than (at most)10 guests came to her birthday party. Not more than (at most) 20 students attended this lecture.,第四章 综合练习及参考译文,比较no more than 与not more than 用法 (1)She has no more than 3 hats. (only/=)太少了 She has
12、 not more than 3 hats. (at most/) 也许不到三个 (2) I have no more than 5 books. (only) I have not more than 5 books. (at most),第四章 综合练习及参考译文,二. no more .than 与not more than 1. no more . than 表示对于两者的否定，意为 “同样不” 如： She is no more a great singer than I am. 我和她都不是优秀歌手。 A whale is no more a fish than a horse.
13、鲸鱼和马都非鱼。,第四章 综合练习及参考译文,2. not more than 意为“不及”, “不如”，相当于（not so . as） 如： She is not more beautiful than her sister. 她不如她姐姐漂亮 This book is not more interesting than that book. 这本书没有那本书有趣。,第四章 综合练习及参考译文,三. no less than 与 not less than no less than 与 no more than (only/=) 意思相反， 强调 “多达”, “有之多” 如： No les
14、s than 50 passengers got killed in this accident. 死于这场事故的旅客高达50人。 He paid no less than $10,000 for it. 为此他花费了1万美元呢。,第四章 综合练习及参考译文,2. not less than为 less than 的否定式，与 not more than（at most/ ) 意思相反, 表示不少于，不亚于 或者（at least/） 如： He has not less than 10 shoes. () 他至少有十双鞋。 Not less than 500 people attended
15、this meeting. () 至少有500人参加这次会议。,第四章 综合练习及参考译文,比较： He has no less than 7 daughters. (=) 他有7个女儿之多。 He has not less than 7 daughters. () 他至少有7个女儿。,第四章 综合练习及参考译文,no less than与 no more than意义相反,表示两者都,用于肯定两者. 如：Your brother is no more wise than you. 你和你弟弟都不聪明。 Your brother is no less wise than you. 你和你弟弟都聪明。 She is no more beautiful than her sister. She is no less beautiful than her sister.,
