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1、大学英语 四/六级考试 四级单项选择阅读理解附讲解:2012 年 12 月真题 (1) Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming andScanning) Why Integrity Matters What is Integrity? Integrity is defined as adherence to moral andethical principles; honest y . The key to integrity is consistency-not only setting high personalstand ards for ones
2、elf (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but als o living upto those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by a nd follows moral and ethicalstandards even when making lifes hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress,pressure to succeed, or temptatio n . What
3、 happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We f eel disappointedin ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also aff ects our relationships with others.Trust is essential in any important relations hip, whether personal or professional. Who cantrust someone who is d
4、ishon est or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most importantgoals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making p rocess has beenundermined by stress or peerpressure. The real test of cha racter is whether we can learnfrom our mistake, by unders
5、tanding why we act ed as we did, and then exploring ways to avoidsimilar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We m ust learn torecognize risks, because if we cant see the risks were taking, w e cant make responsiblechoices. To identify risk
6、s, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example,one who doesnt know the rules abou t plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas withoutgiving proper credi t , or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail toq uote and cite sources as required. But t
7、he fact that such a violation is unin tentional doesnot excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. But Everybody Does It Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fo ol themselvesabout the risks they re taking by using excuses: Everyone else does it, Im not hu
8、rtinganyone, or I really need this grade. Excuses can get very e laborate: I know Im looking atanothers exam, even though Im supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but thats notcheating because Im just checking my a nswers, not copying. We must be honest about ouractions, and avoid excuse s. If w
9、e fool ourselves into believing were not doing anything wrong,we cant see the real choice were making-and that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how yo u would feel ifyour actions were public, and anyone could be watching over yo ur shoul
10、der. Would you feelproud or ashamed of your actions? If youd rathe r hide your actions, thats a good indicationthat youre taking a risk and ratio nalizing it to yourself. Evaluating Risks To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences , in the future aswell as right now,
11、 negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those whotake risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits (whats in it for me), andsimply havent considered wh at might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught areserious, and may i nclude a 0 on a test or assi
12、gnment; an F in the class; Suspension orDism issal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnishedreputation. In fact, when youbreak a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to imposepunishment: you have no control over what that punish ment might be. This is an ex
13、tremelyprecarious and vulnerable position. T here may be some matters of life and death, or highestprinciple, which migh t justify such a risk, but there arent many things that fall in thiscategory. Getting Away With It-Or Not Those who dont get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesnt lear
14、n from the test,depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines co nfidence and independence:the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheatingdestroys self-esteem and in tegrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of gettingcaught.
15、W orst of all, a cheater who doesnt get caught the first time usually cheats agai n, notonly because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems easier . This slipperyslopeof eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disast er . Eventually, the cheater gets caught,and the later he/she ge
16、ts caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissedfrom school because t hey didnt get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy thatworks. Cheating Hurts Others, Too Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions dont count and dont really hurt anyone. Butindividual choices have a profoundcumulative effect. Chea ting can spread like a disease, anda cheater can encourage others just by b eing seen from across the room. Recent statisti
