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1、力学mechanics牛顿力学Newtonianmechanics经典力学classicalmechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics子波wavelet次级子波secondarywavelet驻波standingwave声音sound声强intensityofsound声强计phonometer声调intonation音色musicalquality音调pitch声级soundlevel声压强soundpressure声源soundsource声阻抗acousticimpedance声抗acousticreactance声阻acousticresis
2、tance声导纳acousticadmittance声导acousticconductance声纳acousticsusceptance声共振acousticresonance声波soundwave超声波supersonicwave声速soundvelocity次声波infrasonicwave亚声速subsonicspeed又称“亚音速”。超声速supersonicspeed又称“超音速”。声呐sonar共鸣resonance回波echo回声echo拍beat拍频beatfrequency群速groupvelocity相速phasevelocity能流energyflux能流密度energy
3、fluxdensity材料力学mechanicsofmaterials,strengthofmaterials应力stress法向应力normalstress剪切应力shearstress单轴应力uniaxialstress双轴应力biaxialstress拉伸应力tensilestress压缩应力compressivestress周向应力circumferentialstress纵向应力longitudinalstress轴向应力axialstress弯曲应力bendingstress,flexuralstress扭转应力torsionalstress局部应力localizedstress残
4、余应力residualstress热应力thermalstress最大法向应力maximumnormalstress最小法向应力minimumnormalstress最大剪应力maximumshearstress主应力principalstress主剪应力principalshearstress工作应力workingstress许用应力allowablestress应力集中stressconcentration应力集中系数stressconcentrationfactor应力状态stateofstress应力分析stressanalysis结构强度分析structuredanalysis应变s
5、train剪切应变shearstrain法向应变normalstrain拉伸应变tensilestrain压缩应变compressivestrain体积应变volumetricstrain残余应变residualstrain热应变thermalstrain最大法向应变maximumnormalstrain主应变principalstrain主剪应变principalshearstrain名义应变nominalstrain应变状态stateofstrain载荷load又称“荷载”。集中载荷concentratedload分布载荷distributedload死载荷deadload活载荷livel
6、oad动载荷dynamicload突加载荷suddenlyappliedload移动载荷movingload加载loading单调加载monotonicloading重复加载repeatedloading循环加载cyclicloading偏心加载eccentricloading赘余反力redundantreaction承压应力bearingstress轴承应力bearingstress模量modulus弹性模量modulusofelasticity杨氏模量Youngmodulus体积模量bulkmodulus泊松比Poissonratio胡克定律Hookelaw广义胡克定律generalize
7、dHookelaw柔度compliance拉伸试验tensiletest应力应变图stress-straindiagram比例极限proportionallimit弹性极限elasticlimit屈服极限yieldlimit强度极限ultimatestrength持久极限endurancelimit屈服强度yieldstrength韧性toughness韧度toughness延性ductility脆性brittleness延伸率specificelongation冲击韧性impacttoughness硬度hardness布氏硬度Brinellhardness维氏硬度Vickershardnes
8、s洛氏硬度Rockwellhardness显微硬度micro-penetrationhardness颈缩necking破裂rupture破坏fracture,failure失效failure蠕变creep安全系数safetyfactor安全裕度safetymargin平面应力planestress平面应变planestrain莫尔圆Mohrcircle形心centroidofarea静矩staticmoment主轴principalaxis中性轴neutralaxis中性面neutralsurface横截面cross-section极惯性矩polarmomentofinertia截面模量sec
9、tionmodulus弹性截面模量elasticsectionmodulus塑性截面模量plasticsectionmodulus应变能strainenergy弹性应变能elasticstrainenergy势能potentialenergy余能complementaryenergy体积改变能energyofvolumechange畸变能energyofdistortion畸变能理论distortionenergytheory虚位移virtualdisplacement虚力virtualforce虚功virtualwork虚功原理virtualworkprinciple卡氏第一定理Castig
10、lianofirsttheorem卡氏第二定理Castiglianosecondtheorem强度理论theoryofstrength最大法向应力理论maximumnormalstresstheory最大法向应变理论maximumnormalstraintheory最大剪应力理论maximumshearstresstheory八面体剪应力理论octohedralshearstresstheory八面体剪应变octohedralshearstrain八面体剪应力octohedralshearstress杆bar薄壁杆thin-walledbar变截面杆barofvariablecross-sec
11、tion梁beam简支simplysupported简支梁simplysupportedbeam固支clamped,built-in固支梁built-inbeam,clamped-endbeam又称“嵌入梁”。外伸梁overhangingbeam悬臂梁cantileverbeam曲梁curvedbeam静定梁staticallydeterminatebeam超静定梁staticallyindeterminatebeam连续梁continuousbeam薄壁梁thin-walledbeam变截面梁beamofvariablecross-section等强度梁beamofconstantstrength夹层梁sandwichbeam?工字梁I-shapebeam铁摩辛柯梁Timoshenkobeam梁腹web梁柱beam-column柱column长细比slendernessratio有效柱长effectivecolumnlength索cord圆筒cylinder薄壁筒thin-walledcylinder厚壁筒thick-walledcylinder管tube铰链hinge塑性铰plastichinge膜力membr
