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1、名词性从句,主语+be+表语,主语+do+宾语,名 词,名 词,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a t
2、eacher.,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses） 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句 subject clause,宾语从句 object clause,表语从句 predicative clause,同位语从句 appositive clause,引导词：,1. 从属连接 ：that、if、whether,不作成分,2. 连接代词 ： who、 whom 、wh
3、ose、 what、 which whatever whoever,3. 连接副词： when、 where、why、how,作状语,无意义,“是否”,作主/宾/表/定,Object Clauses 宾语从句,1. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London. 2. I wonder if youd mind us asking a few questions. 3. May we ask what you are doing in this country
4、and what your plans are? 4. I didnt know whether I could survive until morning. 5. He couldnt understand why she refused his invitation.,宾从,宾从,宾从,宾从,宾从,I .宾语从句的概念： 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句,2020/10/20,5. I dont think (that) its very funny. 6. I am afraid （that）I dont quite follow you,
5、 sir. 7. I know nothing about Miss Zheng except that she is a teacher.,宾从,宾从,宾从,做动词的宾语,做形容词（情感类）的宾语,做介词的宾语,（1）宾语从句中，that在以下三种情况下不能省略： 句中有两个及两个以上的从句时，第二个第二个及以后的that不能省； 介词(常见except,but,in)之后，that不可省掉。 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句（常见动词：think, find, feel, consider, make, believe） Everyone knew what happened and that
6、she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud., 宾从中需要注意的问题,（1）宾语从句中，that在以下三种情况下不能省略： 3）一坚持insist 二命令command,order 三建议advise,suggest,propose, 四要求require,request,desire,demand 再加一个督促urge动词后，宾语从句中谓语常用“should+动词原形”
7、should 可以省略。, 宾从中需要注意的问题,（2）if 和whether 的选用,（4）注意动词doubt：否定和疑问句才可以接that从句。,2020/10/20,（2）if 和whether 的选用,只用whether的情况：介词后的宾语从句whether to do 做动词宾语whether or not 连在一起 引导discuss的宾语从句时，只能用whether,2020/10/20,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ h
8、e is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well. 5.The doctors are discussing _ the old man will recover soon.6. I dont know _ to go. 7. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.,if / whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,（3）一坚持insist 二命令command,order 三建议advise,suggest,p
9、ropose, 四要求require,request,desire,demand 再加一个督促urge动词后，宾语从句中谓语常用“should+动词原形” should 可以省略。,The doctor advised he have more food rich in vitamin.,I dont doubt _ he will be against the idea. I doubt _he will be against the idea. Do you doubt _ I can finish it on time?,（4）注意动词doubt：否定和疑问句才可以接that从句。,if
10、 / whether,that,that,(5)时态呼应 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，,I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .,如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I saw she was tal
11、king with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow He said that he had seen it .,当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth .,宾语从句的时态一致： 主句-过去, 宾从-过去 例外: 主句-过去， 宾从-一般现在 (真理性事实),My mother told me the sun _ from the east. Tom asked me why
12、KFC _ its price again. (raise, rise),rises,raised,（6）、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,我是谁 忘了我是谁,who am I? forget who I am,你是谁 忘了你是谁,who are you? forget who you are,我是谁 忘了我是谁,who am I? forget who I am,你是谁 忘了你是谁,who are you? forget who you are,1. She said she _on me at the coming weekend. A will call
13、B would call C is going to call D was about to call 2.When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _. A he is entering which lane B which lane he is entering C is he entering which lane D which lane is he entering,B,B,3.Could you show me _? A where is the Bir
14、ds Nest B where the Birds Nest is C where was the Birds Nest D where the Birds Nest was,could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,（7）否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。 I dont think this dress fits you well. (我认为这件衣服
15、不适合你穿。),看从句中缺少什么成分，根据意思选择适当连接词语； 如不缺成分且句意完整，则选用that.,一找 二查 三选,：从句,：缺少什么成分,：意思适合的连接词,连词选择总原则：,做题注意：陈述语序 时态一致,1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back o
16、n time . A. that B. if C. when D. what 4. Does anybody know _ or not we will have a sports meeting this weekend. A. if B. where C. whether D. that,D,A,B,C,5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station 6. Please tell me _.
