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1、 你的首选资源互助社区 总复习之语法专项 / 第八章：谓语动词 / page 43 谓语动词总述: 谓语动词的变化形式取决于时态和语态: 英语的时态有十六种,12 种常见的时态; 语态有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态1.在主动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下: 一般 进行 完成 完成进行现在 do / does am / is / are doing have / has done have / has been doing过去 did was / were doing had done had been doing将来 shall / will do shall / will be
2、 doing shall / will have done X如果谓语是 be 动词, 则可用 be 动词的适当形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑体字部分. 此外, 过去将来时的形式是: should / would do 或 should / would be2.在被动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下: 一般 进行 完成 完成进行现在 am / is / are done am / is / are being done have / has been done X过去 was / were done was /
3、 were being done had been done X将来 shall / will be done X shall / will have been done X另外, 过去将来时的被动语态形式是 should / would be done主动语态在主动语态中,英语中常见的有十二个时态一.一般现在时: 1.构成: 通常以动词原形表示 . 主语为第三人称单数时, 则用动词的第三人称单数形式来表示2.用法: .表示现状, 性质, 状态, 经常的或习惯性的动作a. It is fine today.b. I am a student.c. I get up at six every d
4、ay.d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.表示客观事实或普遍真理a. Japan is to the east of China.b. The sun rises in the east.c. A horse is a useful animal.表示确定会发生的动作(如：己安排好或计划好的动作或按时刻表将来一定会发生的动作), 可以这样使用的动词有: go, come, leave, start, arrive 等a. My train leaves at 6:30. 你的首选资源互助社区 总复习之语法专项 / 第八
5、章：谓语动词 / page 44 b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时动词代替一般将来时动词a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.c. I will be away when he arrives.d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.e. Mother, I wont go out
6、 unless you agree.f. Dont try to run before you begin to walk.在某些以 here / there 开头的句子中用一般现在时动词表示现在正在发生的动作a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.b. There goes the bell.二.现在进行时: 1.构成: am / is / are doing2.用法: .表示说话时正在进行着的动作, 或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作a. I am writing a letter.b. My mother is making a dre
7、ss these few days.表示即将发生的动作(如：在最近按计划或安排好要进行的动作), 常见的有这种用法的动词有: come /go / leave / start / arrive 等, 常与表示将来时间的状语连用a. They are going to Shanghai on Friday.b. John is coming here next week.现在进行时动词与 always, continually, constantly 等连用, 表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作a. The little boy is always asking questions.b. You ar
8、e always saying that sort of thing.不表示持续的行为, 而表示知觉 , 感觉, 看法, 认识 , 感情, 愿望或某种状态的动词通常不用现在进行时, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to
9、 , possess, own, have, be, seem 等三.现在完成时: 1.构成: have / has done2.用法: .表示动作在说话之前己经完成, 而后果或影响至今仍存在a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)c. The concert has started. ( =The concert start
10、ed and is now going on. )d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. ).表示开始于过去, 持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态, 用于延续性动词, 且句中常带有表示段时间的时间状语 你的首选资源互助社区 总复习之语法专项 / 第八章：谓语动词 / page 45 a. I have studied English since 1987.b. He has lived here for two years.c. He has been ill for ten days
11、.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别: .现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去, 但前者将过去的动作与现在的结果或对现在的影响联系起来, 而后者只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在无关.现在完成时不能与表明确时间的状语如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in 等连用, 但可与表示不明确时间的状语如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever 等连用, 也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语如: this morning,
12、today, this week, this year 等连用a. She has already come.b. I have met him before.c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ? e. I have seen him this morning.四.现在完成进行时: 1.构成: have / has been doing2.特征: 现在完成进行时兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者的特点.它具有现在完成时的特点, 即表示动作发生在过去, 延续到现在或对现在
13、产生影响.它具有现在进行时的特点, 即可以表示此动作仍在进行或还会继续a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今为止教过二十年英语, 至于 teach 是否结束或是否延续, 不得而知)b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 现在仍在教英语,而且将持续下去)3.用法: .表示现在之前的一段时间里一直进行的动作, 此动可能仍在进行, 也可能刚刚停止a. I have been reading the book all the morning.b. He ha
14、s been staying here for two hours.c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.表示现在之前的一段时间里一再重复的动作a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别: 前者着重表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果; 后者着重表示过去动作的持续进行a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己经写了六封信 (强调结果)b. I have been writing
15、letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在写信 (强调“一直在写”)c. I have read this book.我读过这本书了(强调“读过”这一结果)d. I have been reading this book.我一直在读这本书 (强调“一直在读”)五.一般过去时: 1.构成: 用动词的过去式表示2.用法: 你的首选资源互助社区 总复习之语法专项 / 第八章：谓语动词 / page 46 .表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或情况, 其中包括习惯性动作a. I met him yesterday.b. I used to go to school early every morning.c. He entered the classroom, sat down at his desk and began to work.d. Last night, I listened to the radio for two hours and went to bed at midnight.在时间, 条件状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时a. Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to
