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1、构词法三种方式: 派生法、转化法、合成法。,派生法(affixation) 指在词上附加前缀或后缀, 构成新词。 形容词后缀 (1) 带有“属性, 倾向, 相关”的含义 1)-able,-ible, movable,comfortable,applicable,visible, responsible 2)-al,natural,additional,educational 3)-an,-ane,urban,suburban,republican 4)-ant,-ent,distant,important,excellent 5)-ar,similar,popular,regular,1. 表
2、示否定的前缀： un- unfair, unhappy non- nonsmoker, non-violent in- inactive, inhuman, indirect dis- disagree, disappear im- impolite, impossible il- illegal ir- irregular,I. 前缀 (prefix) ：,2. 表示错误或失当的前缀: mis-misjudge, misdirect(误导) 3. 表示向背的前缀: pro- pro-Chinese, pro-American anti-antiwar, anti-Japanese war,4
3、. 表示程度、大小的前缀 super- superstar, supermarket, superman, superpower over- overhead, overeat, overuse mini- minibus, miniskirt, minicar under- underground, underdevelop semi- semicircle, semiskilled, semisteel,5. 表示时间的前缀 pre-prewar post-postwar fore-foretell, forecast, foresee, weatherforcast,6. 表示方位的前缀
4、： sub-subway, submarine inter-international, intercity, interclass trans- translate, transatlantic,II. 后缀： 不改变词根的基本意义, 而是改变了词性。 1. 动词变名词： -ation satisfaction, education, realization -ment development, movement, disappointment -al arrival, refusal -ee trainee, employee -er teacher, worker -or visitor
5、, sailor,2. 形容词变名词： -ness happiness, meanness, carelessness -ity ability, possibility -ism Marxism, criticism 3. 名词、形容词变动词： -ify beautify, simplify -ize realize -en quicken, widen, sharpen,4. 名词变形容词： -y windy, rainy, sandy -ish foolish, feverish -some handsome, troublesome -ous dangerous, humorous -
6、ful helpful, careful, peaceful,1. The Chicago Bulls are not as _ as they were when Michael Jordan played for them. 2. When Yao Ming hurt his head, it was very _.,powerful,painful,用所给词的正确形式完成下列句子。,beauty care hope pain power wonder,3. He had to be very _ when he played after the accident. 4. The fans
7、 are all _ that the team will do well this year. 5. Its terrible when we lose, but its _ when we win.,careful,hopeful,wonderful,根据句意用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. There is some _ (possible) that our team will win the basketball match. 2. We must take measures to prevent factories from sending out _ (poison) gases
8、 into the air. 3. To my _ (disappoint), he failed to pass the college entrance exam this year.,possibility,poisonous,disappointment,4. It is much more _ (comfort) to travel by air than by ship. 5. It was because of his _ (care) that the car accident happened. 6. She had done something wrong and told
9、 us she was _ (true) sorry about it.,comfortable,carelessness,truly,7. On his _ (arrive) at the airport, he received a warm welcome from the teachers and students. 8. Many of his answers are _ (correct), so the teacher asked him to do the exercises again. 9. She was going to take part in the party,
10、but an _ (expected) guest dropped in on her.,arrival,incorrect,unexpected,10. The meeting supposed to be _ (success) turned out to be a failure in the end.,successful,将下列单词加前缀或后缀派生出一个新 词。 argue 2. spoon 3. advantage 4. polite 5. pleasant 6. attract 7. sleep,argument,spoonful,disadvantage,impolite/ p
11、olitely,unpleasant / pleasantly,attractive / attraction,asleep / sleepy / sleepless,8. courage 9. discuss 10. visit,encourage / encouragement,discussion,visitor,英语中, 有的名词可作动词, 有的形容词可作副词或动词, 这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 1) 动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词, 大多意思没有多大的变化(如下); 有时意思有一定变化(如下); 有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下
12、)。例如：,Conversion 转化词,Lets go out for a walk. 我们到外面去散散步吧。 He is a man of strong build. 他是一个体格健壮的汉子。 Lets have a swim. 咱们游泳吧。,2) 名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下)、身体部位(如下)、某类人(如下)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下)也可作动词。例如： Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗? Please hand me the book. 请把那本书递给我。,She nursed her husband b
13、ack to health. 她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。 We lunched together. 我们在一起吃了午餐。,3) 形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如：We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 4) 副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如： Murder will out. (谚语)恶事终必将败露。,5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连
14、用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下)。 例如：,You should be dressed in black at the funeral. 你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。 The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。,1) Chamberlain averaged over 50 points a game for and entire season. Averaged is a verb describing what Chamberlain did. 2) During this time, his av
15、erage was more than 30 points a game. Average is a noun telling us what we are talking about.,I. Read the sentences and answer the questions.,3) Jordan was the second player to score more than 3,000 points in a season. Score is part of “to score” the infinitive of the verb telling us what Jordan did
16、.,4) The final score was 169-147. Score is a noun telling us what we are talking about.,Whats the difference in the way average and score are used in these sentences? b) Does the meaning of the words change when they are used differently? No, it doesnt.,II. Rewrite the sentences and tell the differences between them.
