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1、Lecture 5 British Education,Teacher: 李基亚,Education,E,D,U,C,A,T,I,O,N, ESSENCE, DILIGENCE, UNITY, CREATIVITY, APPRECIATIONG, TOLERANCE, IMAGINATION, OBJECT, NECESSITY, 实质, 勤奋, 和谐, 创造, 感恩, 宽容, 想像, 目标, 需要,History of British Education,Early Forms of Education,Modern System of Education,Recent Changes,Br
2、itish education, in the early period, was closely related to religion. Most schools were run by churches and monasteries to educate scholars, civil servants and people who likely to take up pastoral (牧师的) services. Latin was brought to the forefront of education in the middle ages due to the close a
3、ssociation between education and religion.,Early Forms of Education,Three kinds of schools could been found in the early period. Latin grammar schools-enroll male students from rich families; Small parish (教区) schools and song schools- provided informal education to students of poor families; Public
4、 schools-privately endowed boarding schools with the aim of producing elites.,Early Forms of Education,Modern System of Education,The revolution of industry, politics and social life in 19th century witnessed the start of real modern education. The 1870 Fosters Elementary Education Act brought eleme
5、ntary education to every child and School Boards were established to build more schools nationwide. In the end the 19th ,elementary education became free.,Modern System of Education,Education Act 1944 brought the free secondary education to all children by the introduction of the Tripartite System(三
6、部分系统). Under 11-plus examination students of all social classes were encouraged to attend the stated-funded secondary grammar, technical or modern schools. The secondary schools prepared candidates for universities, and technical or modern schools trained technicians and manual workers.,Modern Syste
7、m of Education,The comprehensive schools and direct grant schools met the needs of the public for equal chances in education to prevent students from streaming into strands too early by allotting a direct grant from the ministry of education to independent schools. The age students leaving school wa
8、s further raised, and more and girls and working class pupils received a wider chance of attending higher education.,Recent Changes,Education Reform Act 1988: The introduction of a national curriculum for pupils aged 5-16, directing the responsibility of deciding what to teach from individual teache
9、rs to the central government; The establishment of compulsory national tests, publishing the results annually to allow schools to compete for pupils and to be compared directly with one another; Considerable freedom and flexibility in management was given to school to run their own budges;,A new typ
10、e of school, city technology college, was set up in inner city areas, specializing in technology, the arts, mathematics and science; A series of standards in education were finally set up.,Recent Changes,Recent Changes,New century saw the great changes continue to take place in UK . Paying more atte
11、ntion on each childs ability; Establishing more specialist schools; The Children Act 2004 led to the welfare for all children, young people and their families in all parts of the United Kingdom, incorporating the needs of disabled children as well.,Education System in Britain,Two education systems:
12、National Curriculum: England, Wales and Northern Ireland English, mathematics, science, technology, physical education and religious education as the core subjects. emphasizing the depth of knowledge 2) Scottish model: independent education and testing system emphasizing the breadth of knowledge,Edu
13、cation System in Britain,In primary and second school education: state-funded schools: the majority Private or independent schools: the minority,compulsory education,In UK, primary and secondary education is compulsory. By law any child between 5 and 16 must receive full-time education . 94 % pupils
14、 choose attending public-funded state schools which free of fees. the rest choose independent fee-paying schools or receiving home schooling. Parents will be sued at law if failing to make their children have education.,key stages,Before school age: pre-school education provided by child care center
15、s, nursery schools, playground, kindergarten and nursery classes. Aim : cultivate childrens basic and comprehensive competence in creativity, social abilities, language and physical development.,key stages,5-11th year: primary education. Subjects: English, mathematics, history, geography, science, a
16、rt *establish foundation in science, geography, history and other social sciences. Academic year: September to July, split into 3 terms by Christmas, Easter and a summer holiday.,key stages,Test : at the end of six years of primary school, the national tests are held, known as Standard Assessment Tests (SATs), in 3 core subjects: English, Maths and Science. Schools: * public-funded schools: fee free and financed by tax payers * private or independent schools : fee-charging
